Ch. 1 - What is in a Human Genome?

Question 1

_____ is the study of inherited traits and their variation.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

_____ is the comparison and analysis of genomes.

Answer 2

Genomics

Question 3

_____ addresses moral issues and controversies that arise in genetics and medicine.

Answer 3

Bioethics

Question 4

_____ are the basic units of life.

Answer 4

Cells

Question 5

_____ is the process that causes changes in DNA sequence that distinguish alleles.

Answer 5

Mutation

Question 6

The entire sequence of an organism’s genetic material is its _____.

Answer 6

Genome

Question 7

A _____ is a set of biochemical instructions that tell a cell how to manufacture a protein (or RNA molecule).

Answer 7

Gene

Question 8

Human DNA sequences are grouped among structures called _____.

Answer 8

Chromosomes

Question 9

A variant form of a gene is called a(n) _____.

Answer 9

Allele

Question 10

The term _____ Correct refers to the underlying instructions for a trait, and the term _____ refers to the visible trait.

Answer 10

Genotype; phenotype

Question 11

The protein-encoding DNA sequences of the human genome are called the _____ and make up about 1 percent of the human genome.

Answer 11

Exome

Question 12

The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not differ between the sexes are called _____.

Answer 12

Autosomes

Question 13

The X and Y chromosomes are known as ______.

Answer 13

Sex chromosomes

Question 14

Charts called _____ are used to display the chromosome pairs from largest to smallest.

Answer 14

Karyotypes

Question 15

In humans, a female has two _____.

Answer 15

X chromosomes

Question 16

A _____ trait is a trait that is influenced by both genes and the environment.

Answer 16

Complex

Question 17

An inherited trait that is influenced by only one gene is called a _____ trait.

Answer 17

Mendelian

Question 18

Assuming this piece of DNA was transcribed and translated from start to finish, how many amino acids would it encode: ATGCCACGGAAACCCGGC?

Answer 18

6

Question 19

A type of muscular dystrophy called Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy can occur when the nesprin-2 protein contains the amino acid methionine at a certain location instead of the amino acid threonine. Why does this change in amino acid placement likely occur?

Answer 19

There was a mutation in the gene for nesprin-2.

Question 20

What is the term that describes the DNA sequences for protein-encoding genes?

Answer 20

Exome

Question 21

Patients with certain types of leukemia are screened for which alleles of the TPMT gene they have prior to receiving thiopurine drugs. Patients with certain alleles need far less of these drugs than other patients, and in fact can become sick if given the standard dose. This is an example of

Answer 21

Pharmacogenetics

Question 22

A ecology graduate student takes samples of the water in various parts of a swamp area. She sequences the genomes of all of the organisms present in this environment. This is an example of

Answer 22

Metagenomics

Question 23

Which biochemical unit encodes a single protein?

Answer 23

Gene

Question 24

Changes in allele frequencies in populations is the basis of

Answer 24

Evolution

Question 25

When is exome sequencing typically used?

Answer 25

After more conventional tests do not explain a person's symptoms

Question 26

Metagenomics is

Answer 26

A field that sequences all of the DNA in a habitat

Question 27

Given that complementary DNA strands are organized with opposite orientations, which DNA sequence is complementary (and therefore would bind) to the strand of DNA: 5'-ATATGGCCAT-3'

Answer 27

3'-TATACCGGTA-5'

Question 28

A child develops a genetic disease which affects neither of his parents. The allele causing this disease is most likely

Answer 28

Recessive

Question 29

The identification of probable drug reactions based on genetics is an example of _____.

Answer 29

Pharmacogenomics

Question 30

_____ compares DNA sequences to establish or rule out identity.

Answer 30

DNA profiling

Question 31

The many microbes that live on and in the human body make up the _____.

Answer 31

Microbiome

Question 32

The field that analyzes all of the DNA in a particular habitat is _____.

Answer 32

Metagenomics

Question 33

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a tool to perform _____.

Answer 33

Genome editing

Question 34

A technique, such as that carried out by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, that is used to add, remove, or replace specific genes to the DNA of any organism is called _____.

Answer 34

Genome editing

Question 35

The field of _____ can be used to identify components of the human microbiome, which includes all the bacteria living on and in the human body.

Answer 35

Metagenomics

Question 36

To identify rare diseases, _____, which determines the order of bases of the parts of the DNA that encodes proteins, can be used.

Answer 36

Exome sequencing

Question 37

Traditional animal breeding is not considered _____ because traditional breeding selects for traits within one species.

Answer 37

Genetic modification

Question 38

The field of _____ addresses concerns arising from the use of new genetic technologies, including tests, treatments, privacy, and discrimination.

Answer 38

Bioethics

Question 39

Genetics is the study of _____.

Answer 39

Inherited traits

Question 40

One way to study the human genome is to _____.

Answer 40

Determine the DNA sequence

Question 41

Humans have _____ pairs of chromosomes.

Answer 41

23

Question 42

Polydactyly is considered a Mendelian trait because | _____.

Answer 42

It is caused by a single gene

Question 43

Sickle-cell anemia results from a beta-globin protein containing the amino acid valine in the place of the amino acid glutamic acid. This is an example of a _____ causing a disease.

Answer 43

Mutation

Question 44

In which choice are the entries listed from smallest to largest?

Answer 44

DNA building block - gene - chromosome - genome

Question 45

Shawn's mother and Heather's mother are sisters. Shawn and Heather have _____ of their genes in common.

Answer 45

1/8

Question 46

What type of disease would not be identified by exome sequencing?

Answer 46

A disorder that is caused by a mutation in a non-coding region of DNA found far away from the gene it affects

Question 47

A genotype refers to _____.

Answer 47

The alleles present in an individual

Question 48

What type of genetic information is represented by the following sequence? 5'-AUCCAGGCAUGG-3'

Answer 48

RNA

Question 49

Some human disorders are caused by the presence of an entire extra chromosome. In these cases, instead of having 2 of a certain chromosome in each cell, the individual may have 3 of that chromosome in each cell. What genetic test would be most useful in determining if an individual has extra copies of a chromosome?

Answer 49

Karyotyping

Question 50

Cells differentiate by _____.

Answer 50

Expressing different subsets of genes

Question 51

DNA profiling has been used to _____.

Answer 51

Identify victims of terrorist attacks and natural disasters

Question 52

A piece of fabric left at a crime scene has hairs on it. What technique would best be used on these hairs to implicate an apprehended suspect?

Answer 52

DNA profiling

Question 53

DNA profiling is helpful in _____.

Answer 53

Analyzing food

Question 54

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a tool to perform _____.

Answer 54

Genome editing

Question 55

How do researchers in the metagenomics sector operate?

Answer 55

They collect and sequence DNA, then consult databases of known genomes to imagine what the organisms to which the DNA belongs might be like.

Question 56

Sequencing all the DNA in the fluid that leaks from the bottom of a garbage can is an example of _____.

Answer 56

Metagenomics