Ch 6: Ethics Flashcards
Animal rights
Guidelines used to protect the rights of animals in the conduct of research
Anonymity
The participants identity cannot be discerned, even by the researcher, from his or her individual responses
Assent
An aspect of informed consent that pertains to protecting the rights of children as research subjects. Includes: basic understanding by the child of what they will expected to do / what will be done to them, purpose of research, preference regarding participation.
Beneficence
The obligation to do no harm and maximize possible benefits. Efforts are made to secure well-being.
Benefits
Potential positive outcomes of participation in a research study
Confidentiality
The individual identities of participants will not be linked to the information they provide and will not be publicly divulged.
Consent
Agreement to participate in a study
Ethics
The theory or discipline dealing with principles of moral values and moral conduct.
Informed consent
Legal principle that requires a researcher to inform individuals about the potential benefits and risks of a study before individuals can participate voluntarily. Must be given without manipulation, undue influence, or coercion.
Justice
Subjects should be treated fairly. An injustice occurs when benefit to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason or when a burden is imposed unduly.
Process consent
Voluntary continued participation in a study, which can be verbal, for each data-collection point.
Research ethics board
Panels that review research projects to assess whether ethical standards are met in relation to the protection of the rights of human participants.
Respect for Persons
People have the right to self-determination and to treatment as autonomous agents. They have the freedom to participate or not participate in research. Persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.
Risk-benefit ratio
The extent to which the benefits of the study are maximized, and the risks are minimized, so that participants are protected from harm during the study.
Risks
The potential negative outcomes of participation in a research study.
Five levels of harm and discomfort
- No anticipated effects
- Temporary discomfort
- Unusual level of temporary discomfort
- Risk of permanent damage
- Certainty of permanent damage
Elements of Informed Consent (9)
- Reasonably foreseeable risks, discomforts, benefits
- Alternative procedures or treatments
- Confidentiality
- Compensation for research or injury
- Who to go to with questions
- Participants rights
- Voluntary participation
- Probability of random assignment
- Special qualifications of investigator
REB Criteria
At least 5 members of various backgrounds, both men and women.
At least 2 professionals with relevant experience.
At least 1 participant knowledgeable in ethics.
At least 1 participant knowledgeable in the relevant law.
At least 1 community member unaffiliated with the institution.
