Ch. 6 - Axial Skeleton (LAB 1)

Question 1

tubercle (landmark)

Answer 1

small, rounded projection (site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

Question 2

process (landmark)

Answer 2

projection

• site of muscle and/or ligament attachment
• takes part in joint formation

Question 3

foramen (landmark) plural: foramina

Answer 3

round or oval opening (hole) through bone

passageway for nerves, blood vessels, or ducts

Question 4

facet (landmark)

Answer 4

flat, smooth articular surface (takes part in joint formation
(ribs attach to superior, inferior, and transverse facets of thoracic vertebrae)

Question 5

articular (articulation)

Answer 5

referring to a joint

Question 6

suture

Answer 6

fibrous joint (connective tissue) between flat bones of skull

Question 7

Types of vertebrae (3)

Answer 7

Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar

Question 8

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 8

7 vertebrae

• all cervical vertebrae have transverse foramen (thoracic and lumbar do not)
• C1 lacks a vertebral body and spinous process
  
  • also has articular facet where dens rests on anterior arch
• C2 has dens that the transverse ligament wraps around (dens is the axis that allows the head to rotate)
• vertebral foramen where spinal cord passes through

Question 9

transverse foramen

Answer 9

These are round openings on the sides of each cervical vertebrae that blood vessels and nerves run through

Question 10

costa (costal)

Answer 10

referring to rib

Question 11

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 11

12 vertebrae (all 12 have ribs attached to them)

• ribs attach to costal facets (superior/inferior/transverse)
• these vertebrae all have a spinous process and a vertebral body
• vertebral foramen where spinal cord passes through

Question 12

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 12

5 vertebrae

• largest vertebral body
• spinous process
• vertebral foramen

Question 13

Sacrum

Answer 13

• bottom of spine
• sacral crests (lateral and median)
• sacral foramina (several holes in middle that blood vessels and nerves run through)
• sacral hiatus (attaches to coccyx)
• sacral promontory (attaches to vertebral body of L5)

Question 14

sternum

Answer 14

broken up into 3 parts

• body (central piece of sternum) *long and slender
• manubrium (top circular portion of sternum) *top of manubrium has jugular notch and clavicular articulation
• xiphoid process (lower piece of sternum) *very small and more cartilage like when younger but bone when mature. looks almost like a flap

Question 15

Ribs (include 3 types)

Answer 15

There are 24 ribs, 12 on each side
3 types: vertebrosternal (first 7), vertebrochondral (8-10), vertebral (11-12)
-all ribs attach to thoracic vertebrae 1-12 on the costal facets (superior, inferior, and transverse) of the vertebrae

Question 16

Vertebrosternal Ribs

Answer 16

first 7 ribs (true ribs)

-costal cartilage on rib tips and attach these ribs directly to sternum

Question 17

Vertebrochondral Ribs

Answer 17

Ribs 8-10 (false ribs)
-these ribs attach to one piece of costal cartilage that branches out to attach to these three ribs than connects to the sternum as a single piece of cartilage

Question 18

Vertebral ribs

Answer 18

ribs 11-12

-These ribs only attach to their vertebrae and do not attach to any other cartilage or the sternum at all

Question 19

fossa (landmark)

Answer 19

shallow depression

• site of muscle and/or ligament attachment
• takes part in joint formation (articulating surface)

Question 20

meatus (landmark)

Answer 20

canal (tunnel-like)

-passageway for nerves and blood vessels

Question 21

condyle (landmark)

Answer 21

rounded, convex projection

-takes part in joint formation (articulating surface)

Question 22

ramus (landmark)

Answer 22

arm-like projection

-takes part in joint formation (articulating surface)

Question 23

coronoid (landmark)

Answer 23

hooked or curved

-site of muscle and/or ligament attachment

Question 24

Frontal Bone

Answer 24

1 piece

-front of head

Question 25

Parietal Bones

Answer 25

left and right bones

Question 26

Temporal Bones

Answer 26

left and right on each side | -above/surrounds ear

Question 27

Occipital Bone

Answer 27

very back/bottom of skull and bottom of head | -foramen magnum (opening on bottom of occipital) *transmits arteries, veins, nerves (spinal cord)

Question 28

Sphenoid

Answer 28

bone that attaches to occipital and has bat-like wings

Question 29

Ethmoid

Answer 29

small bone connected to anterior portion of sphenoid that has the superior and middle nasal conchae and protrudes slightly above the sphenoid and nasal bone

Question 30

Mandible

Answer 30

jaw

Question 31

Maxilla

Answer 31

``` 2 bones (left and right) -area above lip and next to nose ```

Question 32

Palatine Bone

Answer 32

(2 portions *left and right)area on underside of skull right in front of the vomer but behind the palatine process of the maxilla

Question 33

Zygomatic

Answer 33

two cheek bones (one each side) that articulates with the maxilla, frontal, and temporal bones

Question 34

Lacrimal

Answer 34

these are tear ducts that articulate with the ethmoid and maxilla

Question 35

Sutures (list)

Answer 35

Sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoid, occipitomastoid, frontonasal (rigidly held together by fibrous connective tissue)

Question 36

Sagittal suture

Answer 36

this suture articulates the left and right parietal bones

Question 37

Coronal suture

Answer 37

this suture articulates the frontal bone with the left and right parietal bones

Question 38

Squamous suture

Answer 38

this suture articulates the temporal bones with the accommodating parietal bone

Question 39

Lambdoid suture

Answer 39

this suture articulates the occipital bone with the parietal bones

Question 40

Occipitomastoid suture

Answer 40

this suture articulates the superior portion of the occipital to the underside of the temporal bone