Ch 6 Axial Skeleton

Question 1

What are the two sections of the adult skeleton pictured below?

Answer 1

White section - AXIAL SKELETON

Yellow section - APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 2

How many bones are in the cranial region? The facial region?

Answer 2

Cranial - 8

Facial - 14

Question 3

What are the names of the bones featured in the frontal view of the skull below?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the names of the cranial bones?

Answer 4

1. Frontal bone
2. Parietal bone (2)
3. Temporal bone (2)
4. Occipital bone
5. Ethmoid bone
6. Sphenoid bone

Question 5

What are the names of the bones featured in the lateral image of the skull attached?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the names of the bones in the posterior view of the skull attahed?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the names of the bones in the inferior view of the skull attached?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is a foramen?

Answer 8

a hole

-like the one in the inferior view of the skull where the spinal cord enters

Question 9

What is a Condyle?

Answer 9

Articulation point between two bones

Question 10

What is a process?

Answer 10

Any protrusion coming from bone

Question 11

What are the names of the bones in the median view of the skull attached?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is another name for the Ethmoid bone? What is this bone shaped like and why?

Answer 12

Cribiform bone

Many holes in it like a sieve to allow olfactory nerves through

Question 13

What is the small depression in the center of the Sphenoid bone called? What is its significance?

Answer 13

Sella Tursica

Pituitary gland sits in it and is protected

Question 14

What are the names of the bones in the floor view of the skull attached?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the names of the suture bones and how many are there of each type?

Answer 15

Coronal (1)

Sagittal (1)

Lamboidal (2)

Squamosal (2)

Question 16

What are the names of the Fontanels and how many are there of each type?

Answer 16

Anterior (frontal) (1)

Posterior (occipital) (1)

Anteriorolateral (sphenoidal) (2)

Posterolateral (mastoidal) (2)

Question 17

What is significant about the hyoid bone?

Answer 17

Only bone in the body that doesn’t articulate with any other bone

• anchor for swallowing muscles to attach to
• right above the larynx

Question 18

Name the parts of the typical vertebra pictured.

Answer 18

Question 19

What are processes for?

Answer 19

Attachment point for muscles

Question 20

What part of the vertebra articulates with ribs?

Answer 20

Costal facet

Question 21

What forms the vertebral foramina?

Answer 21

Each vertebral foramen stacks on the other to form the spinal column

Question 22

What is the intervertebral foramina and how is it formed?

Answer 22

Each vertebral notch, superior and inferior, stacks to form a intervertebral notch

This allows nerves from the spinal chord to run out and into the peripheral nervous system

Question 23

How many vertebrae are there? How many of each type?

Answer 23

There are 26 vertebrae

• 7 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 1 sacrum, 4-5 fused
• 1 coccyx, 3-4 fused

Question 24

What differentiates the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 24

Cervical Vertebra

-Only with transverse foramina for vertebral artery

Thoracic Vertebra

-Costal facets

Lumbar Vertebra

• Much more robust to bear more weight
• Less mobility

Question 25

Where are intervertebral discs located? What is their funtion? What are the components of an intervertebral disc?

Answer 25

Located in between vertebrae Functions like a jelly donut to resist compression and absorb shock Composed of: - Anulus Fibrosus: made of fibrocartilage (dense connective tissue +hyaline cartilage) allows movement w/o separation - Nucleus Pulposus: made of cartilage to retain water

Question 26

What is the difference between a bulging disc and a herniated disc?

Answer 26

Bulging disc is from so much compression that the anulus+nucleus begins squeezing out Whereas a herniated disc is where the disc fluid begins leaking out

Question 27

What parts of the vertebrae have a primary curve or secondary curve? What function does the curvature of the vertebrae serve?

Answer 27

Primary curve - thoracic - sacral Secondary curve - cervical - lumbar The curvature acts as a spring to dissipate forces to the muscles attached -distributes weight

Question 28

What are the components of the thoracic cage pictured?

Answer 28

Question 29

What part of the vertebrae is part of the thoracic cage?

Answer 29

The vertebrae has costal facets for ribs

Question 30

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?

Answer 30

Protection of organs Expansion to allow breathing

Question 31

How many ribs are there? What are the types of ribs and what is their distribution?

Answer 31

12 Ribs total True Ribs 1-7 False Ribs 8-12 Floating Ribs 11-12

Question 32

Where are the attachment points for ribs?

Answer 32

Vertebral attachment points are the costal facets Sternal attachment points are the costal cartilage