Ch 3: Tissues Flashcards
What are the types of tissues?
1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue
What is a tissue?
2 or more different cell types working together
What is epithelial tissue and what is its purpose?
Covering and lining as well as glandular tissue
-Protection and barrier between external+internal
What are the general features of epithelia?
- Closely packed cells make up continuous sheets
- Connected to a basement membrane
- Avascular with nerve endings ending at basement membrane
- High mitotic rate
What is the basal lamina and the reticular lamina?
Make up the basement membrane between epithelium and connective tissue Basal lamina made by epithelium Reticular lamina made by connective tissue
How are epithelia classified?
Arrangement of layers
- Simple (1 layer)
- Stratified (> 1 layer)
- Pseudostratified (looks like > 1 layer but not)
Shape of APICAL cells
- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar
- transitional (changes shape for stretching)
What are the characteristics of Simple Squamous Epithelium?
- Very thin
- Good for gas exchange
- Found in alveoli of lungs (O2/CO2 gas exchange) and in Bowmans capsule of Kidney (blood filtration)
What are the characteristics of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
- Absorption/Secretion
- Larger size allows for more cellular machinery for functionality
- Found in pancreas and kidney (tubules)
What are the characteristics of Simple Columnar Epithelium?
- Absorption+Secretion
- Goblet cells commonly found interspersed between
- The goblet cells help move things along smoothly
- Found in large intestine+anal canal
What are the characteristics of Pseudostratified Epithelium?
- Found in trachea
- Goblet cells commonly found with these
- Have cilia that beat and keep mucus moving
What are the characteristics of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
Many layers for protection from abrasion
- Found in skin, mouth, esophagus, rectum
- Only skin will be keratinized
What are the characteristics of Stratified Columnar and Cuboidal Epithelium?
Usually found in large ducts of glands like the pancreas
What are Goblet cells?
No nucleus
- Make mucin which when in contact with water makes mucus
- Helps things move along smoothly
What are the characteristics of Transitional Epithelium?
Staggered and not lined up straight
-Nice, round, scalloped
The secretory portion of glands is formed by the epithelia. What kinds of glands are there in the body?
Endocrine Glands
- Secrete hormones into the blood
- Aren’t released to a surface epithelia
Exocrine Glands
-Released to surface of epithelia like sweat
What are the two structural classification of Exocrine glands?
Unicellular Glands
-eg. in the epithelia goblet cells
Multicellular Glands
-below the surface of the epithelia like sebaceous gland
What are the two functional classifications of glands?
Merocrine secretion
-substance stored in vessicles and released into duct
Holocrine secretion
- whole cell with substance inside gets secreted into duct
- eg sebaceous glands work this way
What are the three basic elements of connective tissues?
Cells
Amorphous ground substance
Fibers
What are the types of fibers found in connective tissues and their basic functions?
Collagen
-Flexible and STRONG. Good at pulling not perp. move.
Elastin
-Elasticity=stretch and recoil
Reticular Fibers
-For framework and structure
What is the matrix composed of?
Ground Substances + Fibers + Specific chemicals
What are the 5 categories of Connective Tissues?
- Loose Connective Tissues
- Dense Connective Tissues
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
What are the types of Loose Connective Tissues?
Areolar Adipose Reticular
What are the types of Dense Connective Tissues?
Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic
What are the types of Cartilage?
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic
What kind of tissue is Areolar Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Loose Connective Tissue
- Lots of open space between tissue
- Fiber strands mostly aligned in one direction
- Fibroblasts dotting the tissue
- Open space allow macrophages in
What kind of tissue is Adipose Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Loose Connective Tissue
- Open, scale like
- Acts like packing material for cushioning
What kind of tissue is Reticular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Loose Connective Tissue
- Tiny, stains purple in slides
- For structure/framework of stroma
What kind of tissue is Dense Regular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Dense Connective Tissue
- Regularly organized fibers all in one direction
- Tightly packed and close together
- Resists stretch in longitudinal direction but not in perpendicular direction Found in
- ligaments = bone to bone
- tendons = muscle to bone
What kind of tissue is Dense Irregular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Dense Connective Tissue
- Closely packed but not organized in a single direction
- Resists being pulled apart in ALL directions Found in places where you don’t want any stretch to occur
What kind of tissue is Elastic Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?
Dense Connective Tissue
-Closely pack in a single direction but the elastin fibers stain dark purple and stand out
Found in places where you need stretch/recoil to occur
-like the aorta or heart
What kind of tissue is Hyaline Cartilage and what are its characteristics?
Cartilage
- Stains purple
- Contains alot of water so good at resisting compression
Found in between bones, trachea, nose, joints
What kind of tissue is Fibrocartilage and what are its characteristics?
Cartilage -Collagen + Cartilage -Special blue stain Found i places where you need to resist pulling AND compression -eg. vertebral column
What kind of tissue is Elastic Cartilage and what are its characteristics?
Cartilage -Stretch and Recoil -Continues to grow throughout life -Ears and epiglottis
What kind of cell make the fibers in connective tissue?
Fibroblast
What kind of cell makes cartilage?
Chondrocyte
What is a membrane and what are the types?
Membrane is composed of epithelium and connective tissue Types
- Mucous Membrane (mucosa)
- Serous Membrane (serosa)
- Cutaneous Membrane (skin)
- Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)
What are the characteristics of Mucous Membrane (mucosa)?
Lining of any internal tract with opening to outside world -eg. digestive tract or respiratory tract
What are the characteristics of Serous Membrane (serosa)?
Lines body cavity that doesn’t open to outside world -Lines cavity and organs, eg abdominal cavity -Parietal layer lines wall of cavity -Visceral layer lines surface of organs
What are the characteristics of Cutaneous Membrane (skin)?
Three layers -Epidermis = no vasculature -Dermis = vasculature, nerve receptors, -Hypodermis (not truly part of skin) = adipose tissue for cushioining
What are the characteristics of Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)?
Encapsulates any freely moveable joint -filled with synovial fluid which is made by synoviocytes -doesn’t have epithelium so not true membrane
What is Endothelium?
Epithelium inside blood vessels
What is Mesothelium?
Epithelium inside serosa
Name the general features of epithelia.


Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Simple squamous epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Simple Columnar epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

stratified squamous epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium
Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

Transitional epithelium
Name the kind of glands are pictured

Sebaceous gland and goblet cell
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

loose areolar connective tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

loose adipose tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Loose reticular connective tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Dense regular connective tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

dense irregular connective tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

dense elastic connective tissue
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Hyaline cartilage
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Fibrocartilage
Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

Elastic cartilage