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BIO 240 Anatomy and Physiology I > Ch 3: Tissues > Flashcards

Ch 3: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of tissues?

A

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Muscle tissue
4) Nervous tissue

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2
Q

What is a tissue?

A

2 or more different cell types working together

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3
Q

What is epithelial tissue and what is its purpose?

A

Covering and lining as well as glandular tissue

-Protection and barrier between external+internal

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4
Q

What are the general features of epithelia?

A
  • Closely packed cells make up continuous sheets
  • Connected to a basement membrane
  • Avascular with nerve endings ending at basement membrane
  • High mitotic rate
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5
Q

What is the basal lamina and the reticular lamina?

A

Make up the basement membrane between epithelium and connective tissue Basal lamina made by epithelium Reticular lamina made by connective tissue

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6
Q

How are epithelia classified?

A

Arrangement of layers

  • Simple (1 layer)
  • Stratified (> 1 layer)
  • Pseudostratified (looks like > 1 layer but not)

Shape of APICAL cells

  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
  • transitional (changes shape for stretching)
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

A
  • Very thin
  • Good for gas exchange
  • Found in alveoli of lungs (O2/CO2 gas exchange) and in Bowmans capsule of Kidney (blood filtration)
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

A
  • Absorption/Secretion
  • Larger size allows for more cellular machinery for functionality
  • Found in pancreas and kidney (tubules)
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

A
  • Absorption+Secretion
  • Goblet cells commonly found interspersed between
  • The goblet cells help move things along smoothly
  • Found in large intestine+anal canal
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Pseudostratified Epithelium?

A
  • Found in trachea
  • Goblet cells commonly found with these
  • Have cilia that beat and keep mucus moving
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

A

Many layers for protection from abrasion

  • Found in skin, mouth, esophagus, rectum
  • Only skin will be keratinized
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Stratified Columnar and Cuboidal Epithelium?

A

Usually found in large ducts of glands like the pancreas

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13
Q

What are Goblet cells?

A

No nucleus

  • Make mucin which when in contact with water makes mucus
  • Helps things move along smoothly
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Transitional Epithelium?

A

Staggered and not lined up straight

-Nice, round, scalloped

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15
Q

The secretory portion of glands is formed by the epithelia. What kinds of glands are there in the body?

A

Endocrine Glands

  • Secrete hormones into the blood
  • Aren’t released to a surface epithelia

Exocrine Glands

-Released to surface of epithelia like sweat

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16
Q

What are the two structural classification of Exocrine glands?

A

Unicellular Glands

-eg. in the epithelia goblet cells

Multicellular Glands

-below the surface of the epithelia like sebaceous gland

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17
Q

What are the two functional classifications of glands?

A

Merocrine secretion

-substance stored in vessicles and released into duct

Holocrine secretion

  • whole cell with substance inside gets secreted into duct
  • eg sebaceous glands work this way
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18
Q

What are the three basic elements of connective tissues?

A

Cells

Amorphous ground substance

Fibers

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19
Q

What are the types of fibers found in connective tissues and their basic functions?

A

Collagen

-Flexible and STRONG. Good at pulling not perp. move.

Elastin

-Elasticity=stretch and recoil

Reticular Fibers

-For framework and structure

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20
Q

What is the matrix composed of?

A

Ground Substances + Fibers + Specific chemicals

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21
Q

What are the 5 categories of Connective Tissues?

A
  1. Loose Connective Tissues
  2. Dense Connective Tissues
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bone
  5. Blood
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22
Q

What are the types of Loose Connective Tissues?

A

Areolar Adipose Reticular

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23
Q

What are the types of Dense Connective Tissues?

A

Dense Regular Dense Irregular Elastic

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24
Q

What are the types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic

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25
Q

What kind of tissue is Areolar Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

  • Lots of open space between tissue
  • Fiber strands mostly aligned in one direction
  • Fibroblasts dotting the tissue
  • Open space allow macrophages in
26
Q

What kind of tissue is Adipose Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

  • Open, scale like
  • Acts like packing material for cushioning
27
Q

What kind of tissue is Reticular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Loose Connective Tissue

  • Tiny, stains purple in slides
  • For structure/framework of stroma
28
Q

What kind of tissue is Dense Regular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

  • Regularly organized fibers all in one direction
  • Tightly packed and close together
  • Resists stretch in longitudinal direction but not in perpendicular direction Found in
  • ligaments = bone to bone
  • tendons = muscle to bone
29
Q

What kind of tissue is Dense Irregular Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

  • Closely packed but not organized in a single direction
  • Resists being pulled apart in ALL directions Found in places where you don’t want any stretch to occur
30
Q

What kind of tissue is Elastic Connective Tissue and what are its characteristics?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

-Closely pack in a single direction but the elastin fibers stain dark purple and stand out

Found in places where you need stretch/recoil to occur

-like the aorta or heart

31
Q

What kind of tissue is Hyaline Cartilage and what are its characteristics?

A

Cartilage

  • Stains purple
  • Contains alot of water so good at resisting compression

Found in between bones, trachea, nose, joints

32
Q

What kind of tissue is Fibrocartilage and what are its characteristics?

A

Cartilage -Collagen + Cartilage -Special blue stain Found i places where you need to resist pulling AND compression -eg. vertebral column

33
Q

What kind of tissue is Elastic Cartilage and what are its characteristics?

A

Cartilage -Stretch and Recoil -Continues to grow throughout life -Ears and epiglottis

34
Q

What kind of cell make the fibers in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast

35
Q

What kind of cell makes cartilage?

A

Chondrocyte

36
Q

What is a membrane and what are the types?

A

Membrane is composed of epithelium and connective tissue Types

  1. Mucous Membrane (mucosa)
  2. Serous Membrane (serosa)
  3. Cutaneous Membrane (skin)
  4. Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)
37
Q

What are the characteristics of Mucous Membrane (mucosa)?

A

Lining of any internal tract with opening to outside world -eg. digestive tract or respiratory tract

38
Q

What are the characteristics of Serous Membrane (serosa)?

A

Lines body cavity that doesn’t open to outside world -Lines cavity and organs, eg abdominal cavity -Parietal layer lines wall of cavity -Visceral layer lines surface of organs

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Cutaneous Membrane (skin)?

A

Three layers -Epidermis = no vasculature -Dermis = vasculature, nerve receptors, -Hypodermis (not truly part of skin) = adipose tissue for cushioining

40
Q

What are the characteristics of Synovial Membrane (not really a membrane)?

A

Encapsulates any freely moveable joint -filled with synovial fluid which is made by synoviocytes -doesn’t have epithelium so not true membrane

41
Q

What is Endothelium?

A

Epithelium inside blood vessels

42
Q

What is Mesothelium?

A

Epithelium inside serosa

43
Q

Name the general features of epithelia.

44
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

Simple squamous epithelium

45
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

46
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

Simple Columnar epithelium

47
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

48
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

stratified squamous epithelium

49
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

stratified cuboidal and columnar epithelium

50
Q

Name the kind of epithelial tissue pictured

A

Transitional epithelium

51
Q

Name the kind of glands are pictured

A

Sebaceous gland and goblet cell

52
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

loose areolar connective tissue

53
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

loose adipose tissue

54
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

Loose reticular connective tissue

55
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

Dense regular connective tissue

56
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

dense irregular connective tissue

57
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

dense elastic connective tissue

58
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

Hyaline cartilage

59
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

Fibrocartilage

60
Q

Name the kind of connective tissue pictured

A

Elastic cartilage

BIO 240 Anatomy and Physiology I (19 decks)

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