Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY317 > Ch. 6 Attention y Memory > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Attention y Memory Flashcards

1
Q

information-processing model*

A

use of computer metaphor to explain how people process stimuli

(ie) info enter system, info transformed, coded y stored in various ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory memory

A

a brief y almost identical representation of the stimuli that exists in the observable environment
- unlimited capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

speed of processing*

A

how quickly y efficiently the early steps in info processing are completed
- decreases w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

processing resources

A

the amount of attention one has to apply to a particular situation
- decreases w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

inhibitory loss

A

more difficult time ignoring irrelevant info

older adults have reduced processing resources b/c they have difficulty inhibiting the processing of irrelevant info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

divided attention

A

(attentional resources) concerns of how well ppl perform multiple tasks simultaneously
- decreases w/ age

(ie) driving a car = steering wheel, gas pedal, attention to traffic, attention to speed, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

automatic processing

A

minimal demands on attentional capacity y gets info into the system largely w/out us being aware of it

  • unconscious
  • very little demands

(ie) those who have driven for years no longer have to think about what a sign means, they just know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effortful processing*

A

requires all of the available attentional capacity

(ie) learning words on a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

encoding*

A

the process of getting info into the memory system

- decreases w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

storage**

A

the manner in which info is represented y kept in memory

- no change w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

retrieval*

A

getting info back out of memory

- decreases w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

working memory

A

aka short-term memory

the active processes y structures involved in holding info in mind y simultaneously using that info (aveces in conjunction w/ incoming info) to solve a problem, make a decision, or learn new info
- small capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rehearsal*

A

the process that info is held in working memo either by:

(1) repeating items over y over
(2) by making meaningful connections btwn the info in working memory y information already known

  • ability to make connections decreases w/ age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

implicit memory**

A

aka procedural memory

retrieval of info w/out conscious or intentional recollection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

explicit memory**

A

aka declarative memory

intentional y conscious remembering of info learned/remembered @ a specific point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

long-term memory

A

the ability to remember rather extensive amounts of info from a few seconds to a few hours to decades

  • unlimited capacity of storage
  • easy storage, harder retrieval
17
Q

semantic memory

A

learning and remembering the meaning of words/concepts
- general knowledge based

(ie) knowing the definition of words in order to complete cross-word puzzles
(ie) being able to translate Englinsh into French
(ie) understanding a speaker

18
Q

episodic memory

A

memory having to do w/ conscious recollection of info from a specific event or point in time
- based on cues to the original experience

(ie) remembering a memorized poem from 3rd grade

19
Q

tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)**

A

when you try to retrieve a name or word you are certain you know but it is not quite accessible @ the moment

20
Q

recall

A

process of remembering info w/out the help of hints or cues

21
Q

recognition

A

selecting previously learned info from among several items

22
Q

strategy**

A

anything ppl do to make the task easier y increase the efficiency of encoding or retrieval

23
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to remember something in the future
- middle age worse in this area compared to other age groups

(ie) remembering to pick up the children after school
(ie) remembering dinner date next Friday evening

24
Q

autobiographical memory

A

remembering info y events from our own life

- decreases w/ age

25
Q

flashbulb memories

A

memories for personally traumatic or unexpected events

(ie) recalling where I was when 9/11 happened

26
Q

source memory*

A

the ability to remember the source of a familiar event as well as the ability to determine if an event was imagined or actually experienced

27
Q

Density of Representations Yields Age-related Deficits (DRYAD) model**

A

model that proposes older adults are presumed to have less valid representations of events y objects than are young adults

28
Q

false memory

A

when one remembers items or events that did not occur

29
Q

cognitive reserve**

A

factors that provide flexibility in responding y adapting to changes in the environment

30
Q

metamemory**

A

knowledge about how memory works y what we believe to be true about it
- type of self-evaluation

31
Q

memory monitoring**

A

awareness of what we are doing w/ our memory right now

- type of self-evaluation

32
Q

memory self-efficacy**

A

the belief one will be able to perform a specific task

33
Q

explicit memory**

A

conscious y intentional recollection of info

(ie) remembering definition on an exam

34
Q

implicit memory**

A

effortless y unconscious recollection of information

35
Q

external aid**

A

memory aid that relies on environmental resources

(ie) notebooks y calendars

36
Q

internal aid**

A

memory aid that relies on mental processes

(ie) imagery

37
Q

temporal global amnesia (TGA)**

A

temporary experience of a complete memory loss y disorientation in time

38
Q

semantic autobiographical memory

A

knowledge of past w/out necessarily remembering order or the specific event

(ie) Arntz got divorced twice

39
Q

factors that preserve memory*

A

(1) exercising memory
(2) multilingualism
(3) semantic meaning in service of episodic memory
(4) negative stereotypes y self-efficacy

PSY317 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions