Ch. 5 Where People Live: Person-Environment Interactions Flashcards
person-environment interactions
the interface btwn people y the world they live in that forms the basis for development
b = f(p,e)
competence
the upper limit of a person’s ability to function in five domains [physical health, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills, cognitive skills, y ego strength]
environmental press
the physical, interpersonal or social demands that environments put on people
(ie) boring environment not stimulating
adaptation level**
the area where press level is average for a particular level of competence
- where behavior y affect = normal
zone of maximum performance potential*
(competence-environmental press theory) the area where increases in press tend to improve performance
zone of maximum comfort*
(competence-environmental press theory) the area where slight decreases in environmental press occur
proactivity*
when ppl choose new behaviors to meet new desires or needs y exert control over their lives
- more likely in ppl w/ relatively high competence
docility**
when people allow the situation to dictate the options they have y exert little control
- more likely in ppl w/ relatively low competence
preventive adaptations**
actions that avoid stressors y increase or build social resources
(ie) increasing social network by adding friends
corrective adaptations**
actions taken in response to stressors y can be facilitated by internal/external resources
(ie) change diet after having a heart attack
everyday competence**
a persons potential ability to perform a wide range of activities considered essential for independent living
- not the person’s actual ability to perform the tasks
- depends on antecedents, components, mechanisms y outcomes
antecedent**
both individual (e.g. health cognition) y sociocultural (e.g. cultural stereotypes, social policy, health care policy) factors - influence components
component**
most important or exert the most influence depends on the overall conditions under which the person lives
mechanism**
factors that moderate the way competence is actually expressed
(ie) whether one believes he/she is in control of the situation influences how competent the person turns out to be
ecology of aging**
aka environmental psychology
the field of study which seeks to understand the dynamic relations btwn older adults y the environments they inahbit
auxiliary dwelling unit (ADU)**
a portable hospital room that is a separate dwelling placed next to a family’s main dwelling to give an older relative both privacy y proximity to family
adult daycare
designed to provide support, companionship y certain services during the day
congregate housing
a range of living options from those providing only housing to those providing some level of medical services
- least expensive
assisted living facility
a housing option for older adults that provide a supportive living arrangement for people needing assistance w/ personal care (bathing, taking meds) but who are not so impaired physically or cognitively that they need 24-hr care
skilled nursing care*
24-hr care including skilled medical y otro health services, usually provided by nurses
intermediate care*
24-hour care including nursing supervision but @ less intense level compared to skilled nursing care
person-centered care
promoting residents’ well-bing through increasing their perceived level of personal control y treating them w/ respect
- based on individual needs
special care unit**
a supportive environment for ppl w/ moderate to severe dementia w/ certain specialized design y intervention features
communication predicament*
a communication style most people adopt in which younger adults over accommodate their speech based on their stereotyped expectations of dependence y incompetence
(ie) patronizing speech
(ie) infantilization
patronizing speech*
inappropriate speech based on stereotypes of incompetence y dependence
- talking down on someone due to inferiority
(ie) slower speech w/ exaggerated intonation, higher pitch, increased volume, repetitions, tag/closed questions y simplification of vocab/grammer
infantilization*
aka elderspeak or secondary baby talk
the unwarranted use of a person’s 1st name, terms of endearment, simplified expressions, short imperatives, an assumption that the recipient has no memory y cajoling as a way to demand compliance
Eden Alternative*
a nursing HABITAT that improves residents’ QOL by blending person-centered care w/ relational care (care that takes unintended actions into account)
- stresses individualism in residents
resident directed + staff empowerment
Green House Project*
a small, homelike environment that shifts the focus from a large facility to a more homelike setting w/ activities
- about 6 - 10 residents per home
- encourage residents to participate in their care by helping w/ daily tasks
- derive from Eden Alternative
Pioneer Network*
a facility that focuses on respecting older adults y providing maximally supportive environments for them
- focus: change culture of how we view aging
aging in place
allow people to maintain as long as possible
- best psych y economically
(ie) assistance in laundry, cooking, running errands, etc.
deciding on best option
(1) home modification
(2) adult daycare
(3) congregate housing
(4) assisted living facilities
nursing home demographics
mostly 85+ year olds (elderly)
mostly women
most financially disadvantaged
many residents = w/out children or living family
most European
