CH 6 Flashcards
Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision-making process?
a. Being socialized into the firm’s corporate culture
b. Applying a personal moral philosophy in order to individualize the ethical decision-making process
c. Recognizing that an ethical issue exists
d. Soliciting the opinions of others in a work group or in the overall business in order to gain feedback
e. Enforcing the firm’s ethical standards with rewards and punishment
C
When confronted with an ethical issue, workplace, family, religion, legal system, community, and profession are known as an individual’s six _______.
a. individual factors
b. spheres of influence
c. external controls
d. internal controls
e. ethical cultures
B
The relevance or importance of an ethical event or decision in the eyes of the individual, work group, and/or organization is referred to as _______.
a. organizational culture
b. immediate job context
c. ethical issue intensity
d. leadership
e. Locus of control
C
. Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower- and middle-level managers face come from which of the following?
a. Stakeholder expectations and pressures
b. Pressures to satisfy customers
c. Pressures from the government to perform at a high level
d. Internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules
e. Struggles to obey relevant laws
D
According to the ethical decision-making framework for unethical behavior, the absence of punishment provides which of the following?
a. Reason
b. Immediate job context
c. Individual factor
d. Opportunity
e. Ethical issue intensity
D
Which of the following has been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior?
a. A high level of educational attainment
b. A high level of community involvement
c. Charismatic leadership
d. A strong religious belief system
e. The existence of good personal values or morals
E
Which of the following describes the situation when subordinates simply follow the directives of a superior without question, demonstrating the influence that workplace significant others can exert?
a. Obedience to authority
b. Locus of control
c. Opportunity
d. Transactional leadership
e. Immediate job context
A
Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, which of the following can alter this intent?
a. Cognitive dissonance
b. Familial expectations
c. Religious beliefs
d. A desire for financial gain
e. Organizational or social forces
E
Normative approaches focus on which of the following?
a. How organizational decision makers should approach an issue
b. Methods for adopting values and norms within an organization
c. Models that describe an individual’s moral philosophies
d. Ways to determine the moral intensity of an ethical issue
e. Positive outcomes, including firm probability and benefits to society
a
- Which of the following can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization?
a. Corporate culture
b. Intentions of a corporation
c. Ethical issue awareness
d. Determination of a corporation
e. Individual factors
a
- What an individual expects to receive from others in the social environment in terms of overt social approval, status, and esteem is referred to as _______.
a. opportunity
b. immediate job context
c. external rewards
d. normative approaches
e. internal control
c
- Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization is more likely to develop a high integrity corporate culture when it is built on which of the following?
a. A charismatic leader
b. The preferences of the CEO
c. The grapevine
d. Formal relationships
e. Informal relationships
e
- Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to which of the following concepts?
a. Internal locus of control
b. Obedience to authority
c. Moral intensity
d. Gender
e. Ethical issue intensity
b
- Those who have influence in a work group and provide advice and information in both formal and informal ways are related to which of the following concepts?
a. External control
b. Internal control
c. Significant others
d. Institutional theory
e. Instrumental concern
c
- Studies have shown that within an organization, which of the following will have more impact on a worker’s decisions on a daily basis than any other factor?
a. Significant others
b. Religion
c. Education
d. Chief executive officers
e. Ethical issues
a
- External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?
a. Individual factors
b. Significant others
c. Cognitive moral development
d. Obedience to authority
e. Opportunity
e
- Philosopher John Rawls believed which of the following to be true?
a. Political institutions significantly influence the development of values.
b. Ethical decision-making models should only use normative approaches.
c. Competition should be completely free of government intervention.
d. Justice principles are beliefs that everyone can accept.
e. Opportunity factors have the greatest influence over business ethical decision making.
d
- Which of the following is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred?
a. Guilt
b. Reward
c. Punishment
d. Cognitive dissonance
e. Happiness
a
- People who go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable believe in _______.
a. ethical decision making
b. internal locus of control
c. an ethical culture
d. external locus of control
e. significant others
d
- Which of the following is an individual factor that affects business ethics?
a. Nationality
b. Corporate culture
c. Obedience to authority
d. Significant others
e. Opportunity
a
- Which of the following involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members?
a. Oversight
b. Significant others
c. Corporate culture
d. Ethical culture
e. The legal climate
c