Ch 59 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders Flashcards
___ is stimulated by releasing factors from the hypothalamus and inhibited by negative feedback loops.
Release of hormones from the anterior pituitary
The growth-promoting actions of growth hormone (GH) are mediated by __.
insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
Pediatric GH deficiency causes __.
short stature
Adult GH deficiency causes (4).
reduced muscle mass,
reduced exercise capacity,
increased mortality from cardiovascular causes,
and impaired psychosocial function.
Pediatric GH excess causes __.
gigantism
Adult GH excess causes __.
acromegaly
Among pediatric patients, GH is approved for (2).
growth promotion in children who are GH deficient and in children who are very short despite having normal GH levels.
__ can inhibit responses to GH.
Exogenous glucocorticoids
GH can elevate glucose levels in patients with __.
diabetes
Acromegaly can be treated with three drugs:
pegvisomant (a GH receptor antagonist) and two analogs of somatostatin— octreotide and lanreotide—that suppress GH release.
Prolactin stimulates ___.
milk production after delivery
Excessive production of prolactin can be suppressed with (2).
cabergoline and bromocriptine, drugs that mimic the
inhibitory action of hypothalamic dopamine on the
pituitary.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidney to cause \_\_.
reabsorption (conservation) of water
ADH deficiency results in __.
hypothalamic diabetes insipidus
Hypothalamic diabetes insipidus can be treated by replacement therapy with __.
desmopressin, a synthetic form of ADH
