Ch 36 CNS Stimulants (ADD/ADHD) Flashcards
The amphetamine family consists of (4).
dextroamphetamine,
amphetamine (a racemic mixture of dextroamphetamine and levamphetamine),
methamphetamine, and
lisdexamfetamine
The __ work primarily by promoting neuronal
release of NE and DA, and partly by blocking NE and DA
reuptake.
amphetamines
Through actions in the CNS, the amphetamines can (5).
increase wakefulness and alertness, reduce fatigue, elevate mood, stimulate respiration, and suppress appetite
By promoting release of NE from peripheral neurons,
amphetamines can cause (2).
vasoconstriction and cardiac effects (increased heart rate, increased atrioventricular conduction, and increased force of contraction)
The most common adverse effects of amphetamines are
__.
insomnia and weight loss
Amphetamines may also cause psychosis and cardiovascular effects (dysrhythmias, angina, hypertension).
Amphetamines have a high abuse potential (owing to their ability to elevate mood), and hence are classified as
__.
Schedule II drugs
The principal indication for amphetamines is__.
ADHD
The pharmacology of methylphenidate is nearly identical
to that of the __.
amphetamines
Methylphenidate and other CNS stimulants are the most effective drugs for__, and hence are considered agents of first choice.
ADHD
Methylphenidate and other CNS stimulants reduce symptoms of ADHD by __.
enhancing the patient’s ability to focus
Only three __ are approved for ADHD.
nonstimulants (atomoxetine, guanfacine, and
clonidine)
In treatment of ADHD, the nonstimulants may be used
__.
alone or as add-on therapy with a stimulant
Compared with the CNS stimulants, the nonstimulants are __ in ADHD, but also are __.
less effective
safer and have a lower potential for abuse
Caffeine and other methylxanthines act primarily by __.
blocking adenosine receptors
Responses to caffeine are __.
dose dependent:
low doses decrease drowsiness and fatigue;
higher doses cause nervousness, insomnia, and tremors; and huge doses cause convulsions.
