Ch. 5 Vocab

Question 1

involves integrating a new experience into a pre-existing schema

Answer 1

assimilation

Question 2

adapting and modifying a schema in light of new information

Answer 2

accommodation

Question 3

thinking about an object using mental pictures

Answer 3

mental representation

Question 4

the repetition of an action and its response

Answer 4

circular reactions

Question 5

behaviors that consist of repeating actions involving parts of the body that produce pleasurable or interesting results; happens between 1-4 months

Answer 5

primary circular reactions

Question 6

repetitions of actions that trigger responses in the external environment

Answer 6

secondary circular reactions

Question 7

the understanding that objects continue to exist outside of sensory awareness

Answer 7

object permanence

Question 8

how infants engage in mini-experiments: active, purposeful, trial and error exploration to search for new discoveries

Answer 8

tertiary circular reactions

Question 9

a task in which a stimulus appears to violate physical laws

Answer 9

violation-of-expectation task

Question 10

the ability to repeat an act performed some time ago

Answer 10

deferred imitation

Question 11

the theory that proposes that infants are born with several innate knowledge systems, or core domains of thought, that promote early rapid learning and adaptation

Answer 11

core knowledge theory

Question 12

the first step in getting information into the mind; it holds incoming sensory information in its original form

Answer 12

sensory memory

Question 13

holds and processes information that is being “worked on” in some way

Answer 13

working memory

Question 14

a control mechanism or processor that directs the flow of information and regulates cognitive activities such as attention, action, and problem solving

Answer 14

central executive

Question 15

a collective of cognitive activities (understand information, make decisions, and solve problems)

Answer 15

executive functions

Question 16

an unlimited store that holds information indefinitely

Answer 16

long-term memory

Question 17

our ability to direct our awareness

Answer 17

attention

Question 18

grouping different stimuli into common class

Answer 18

categorization

Question 19

an individual’s ability to adapt to the world

Answer 19

intelligence

Question 20

making deliberate vowel sounds

Answer 20

cooing

Question 21

one worded expressions

Answer 21

holophrases

Question 22

a process of quickly acquiring and retaining a word after hearing it applied a few times

Answer 22

fast mapping

Question 23

a period of rapid vocabulary learning that occurs between 16-24 months; also called vocabulary spurt

Answer 23

naming explosion

Question 24

applying a word more narrowly than it is usually applied so that word’s use is restricted to a single object

Answer 24

underextension

Question 25

applying a word too broadly

Answer 25

overextension

Question 26

type of speech that includes only a few essential words

Answer 26

telegraphic speech

Question 27

the rules of language

Answer 27

grammar

Question 28

an innate facilitator of language that permits infants to quickly and efficiently analyze everyday speech and determine its rules, regardless of whether their native language is English, German, Chinese, or Urdu

Answer 28

language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 29

an innate storehouse of rules that apply to all human languages

Answer 29

universal grammar

Question 30

an area that controls the ability to use language for expression

Answer 30

Broca’s area

Question 31

an area that is responsible for language coprehension

Answer 31

Wenicke’s area

Question 32

a type of babbling with well-formed syllables that sounds remarkably like language

Answer 32

canonical babbling

Question 33

enriched versions of the children’s statements

Answer 33

xpansions

Question 34

parents maintaining and extending the conversation; ex. child - “kitty go”, parent - “where is the kitty going?”

Answer 34

recast