Ch. 3 Vocab

Question 1

newborn

Answer 1

neonate

Question 2

these are secreted from the uterus and cause the lining of uterus to thicken in preparation for the fertilized ovum

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

known as the period of the zygote; the newly created zygote begins cell division as it travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus

Answer 3

germinal period

Question 4

begins around 72 hours after fertilization when the organism consists of 16-32 cells

Answer 4

cell differentiation

Question 5

a hallow ball formed of about 60-70 celled; happens by 4 days

Answer 5

blastocyst

Question 6

the blastocyst burrows into the wall of the uterus; begins around day 6 and is completed by day 11

Answer 6

implantation

Question 7

the principal organ of exchange between the mother and developing organism

Answer 7

placenta

Question 8

period where all the organs and major body systems form

Answer 8

embryotic period

Question 9

mass of cells that composes and develops into all of the major organs in the body

Answer 9

embryonic disk

Question 10

the upper layer of the embryonic disk that forms the skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system

Answer 10

ectoderm

Question 11

the lower layer of the embryonic disk that forms the digestive system, liver, lungs, pancreas, salivary glands, and respiratory system

Answer 11

endoderm

Question 12

the middle layer of the embryonic disk that will later become muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and internal organs

Answer 12

mesoderm

Question 13

about 22 days after conception, the endoderm folds to form this, which will develop into the central nervous system

Answer 13

neural tube

Question 14

period from ninth week to birth; fetus grows rapidly and its organs become more complex and begin to function

Answer 14

fetal period

Question 15

the organism located in the uterus

Answer 15

fetus

Question 16

a fine down-like hair that covers the fetus’s body and is gradually replaced by human hair; the first hair to appear

Answer 16

lanugo

Question 17

a greasy material that protects the fetal skin from abrasions, chapping, and hardening that can occur with exposure to amniotic fluid

Answer 17

vernix caseosa

Question 18

the age at which advanced medical care permits a preterm newborn to survive outside the womb; begins about 22 weeks after conception

Answer 18

age of viability

Question 19

a set of services provided to improve pregnancy outcomes and engage the expectant mother, family members, and friends in health care decisions

Answer 19

prenatal care

Question 20

an agent that causes damage to prenatal development, such as a disease, drug, or other environmental factors

Answer 20

teratogen

Question 21

this field attempts to find the causes of birth defects so that they may be avoided

Answer 21

teratology

Question 22

periods during prenatal development in which an embryo is more susceptible to damage from exposure to teratogens

Answer 22

critical periods

Question 23

the amount of exposure to a teratogen influences its effects

Answer 23

dose

Question 24

varying in susceptibility to particular teratogens based on the genetic makeup of both the organism and mother, as well as the quality of the prenatal environment

Answer 24

individual differences

Question 25

different teratogens can cause the same birth defect, and a variety of birth defects can result from the same teratogen

Answer 25

complicated effects

Question 26

effects that are not visible until many years later

Answer 26

sleeper effects

Question 27

the continuum of effects of exposure to alcohol; estimated to affect as many as 2-5% of younger schoolchildren

Answer 27

fetal alcohol spectrum

Question 28

a cluster of defects appearing after heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol; associated with a distinct pattern of facial characteristics, pre- and postnatal deficiencies, and deficits in intellectual development, school achievement, memory, visuospatial skills, attention, language, problem solving, motor corrdination

Answer 28

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 29

occurs when the lower part of the neural tube fails to close and spinal nerves begin to grow outside the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis

Answer 29

spina bifida

Question 30

occurs when the top part of the neural tube fails to close and all or part of the brain fails to develop, resulting in death shortly after birth

Answer 30

anencephaly

Question 31

a regional anesthetic drug is administered to a small space between the vertebrae of the lower spine; most common anesthetic

Answer 31

epidural

Question 32

baby facing feet-first

Answer 32

breech position

Question 33

a surgical procedure that removes the fetus through the abdomen

Answer 33

cesarean section (C-section)

Question 34

a caregiver who provides support to an expectant mother and her partner throughout the birth process

Answer 34

doula

Question 35

a health care professional , usually a nurse, that provide health care throughout pregnancy and supervise home births

Answer 35

midwife

Question 36

a quick and easy overall assessment of the baby’s immediate health

Answer 36

Apgar scale

Question 37

a neurobehavioral assessment commonly administered to newborns, especially those who are judged to be more at risk

Answer 37

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

Question 38

degrees of wakefulness

Answer 38

states of arousal

Question 39

premature/born before the due date

Answer 39

preterm

Question 40

full term but have experienced slow growth and are smaller than expected for their gestational age

Answer 40

small for date

Question 41

weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lbs) at birth

Answer 41

low birthweight

Question 42

weighing less than 1,500 grams (3.5 lbs) at birth

Answer 42

very low birthweight

Question 43

weighing less than 750 grams (1lb 10oz) at birth

Answer 43

extremely low birthweight

Question 44

the infant is placed vertically against the parent’s chest, under the shirt, providing skin-to-skin contact

Answer 44

kangaroo care