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Vascular I & Physics I > Ch. 5 Vascular > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Vascular Flashcards

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1
Q

Total fluid energy of the vascular system is made up of

A

potential and kinetic energy

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2
Q

Potential energy is

A

stored or resting energy

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3
Q

Kinetic energy is

A

energy of work or motion

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4
Q

Blood always moves from an area of _______ to an area of ______

A

high energy/pressure, low energy/pressure

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5
Q

The highest pressure in the vascular system occurs in the

A

left ventricle of the heart

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6
Q

What is the pressure of the left ventricle

A

120mmHg

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7
Q

The lowest pressure in the vascular system occurs in the

A

right atrium

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8
Q

What is the pressure of the right atrium

A

2-6mmHg

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9
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is related to the

A

weight of the column of blood within the vessels

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10
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is related to weight and

A

a reference point

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11
Q

What is Bernoulli Principle

A

If velocity increases, then pressure must decrease

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12
Q

When velocity decreases, what happens to pressure

A

it increases

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13
Q

Relationship between velocity and pressure

A

inversely related

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14
Q

What two things cause energy loss in the vascular system

A

inertia, viscosity

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15
Q

What causes energy loss from conversion of friction to heat

A

viscosity

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16
Q

What causes energy loss when blood is forced to change direction or velocity

A

inertia

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17
Q

Inertial velocities depend on the

A

density and velocity of blood flow

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18
Q

Property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause fluid to flow (friction that exists between bordering layers of fluid)

A

viscosity

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19
Q

Describes the steady laminar flow of Newtonian fluids and defines the pressure/flow relationships in the vascular system

A

poiseuille law

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20
Q

What are the variables for poiseuille law

A

viscosity, vessel length, vessel radius

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21
Q

What has a significant impact on flow due to being raised to the fourth power

A

radius

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22
Q

Resistance of flow: ______ is equal to the _____ drop divided by _____

A

resistance, pressure, flow

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23
Q

Resistance can therefore be expressed as

A

condensed poiseuille law

24
Q

In the circulatory system, the blood vessel _____ is virtually _____ and the blood _____ does not vary

A

length, constant, viscosity

25
Q

Changes in resistance to flow are due to change in

A

vessel radius

26
Q

In peripheral resistance, low resistance flow is

A

antegrade throughout the cardiac cycle

27
Q

Vessels that supply organs have a blood flow that is

A

low resistance

28
Q

In peripheral resistance, high resistance has _____ flow in _____, ______ in _______ with ______ flow later in diastole

A

forward, systole, “reflected wave”, early diastole, antegrage

29
Q

High resistance has what flow in systole

A

forward

30
Q

High resistance has what flow in early diastole

A

“reflected wave”

31
Q

High resistance has what flow later in diastole

A

antegrade

32
Q

Result of a high resistance anterior bed

A

reflected wave

33
Q

Exercise produces ______, which ______ resistance

A

vasodilation, decreases

34
Q

Exercise on average will

A

increase blood flow 3-5 times of resting flow

35
Q

There is an increase in flow to meet

A

metabolic demands

36
Q

As flow progresses through the vessel, flow in the CENTER streamlines

A

moves faster than the streamlines at the edges (parabolic flow)

37
Q

Turbulence can be defined by

A

reynolds number

38
Q

reynolds number and the likelihood of turbulence is _____ proportional to what 3 things

A

directly / velocity, density, radius

39
Q

reynolds number and the likelihood of turbulence is INVERSELY proportional to

A

viscosity

40
Q

Hemodynamics and effects of exercise are

A

increases blood flow to as least 3-5 times resting values in normal limbs / induces vasodilation

41
Q

Poiseuille law describes the

A

steady laminar flow of newtonian fluids

42
Q

Poiseuille law defines the

A

pressure/flow relationships in the vascular system

43
Q

Reynolds number for laminar flow

A

1500

44
Q

Reynolds number for turbulent flow

A

2000

45
Q

Converts the pulsatile output of the heart to a steady flow through the capillaries

A

hydraulic filter

46
Q

What are part of the nervous system’s control of peripheral blood flow (circulation)

A

potassium ions, hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide

47
Q

In hemodynamics of disease, what accounts for most abnormal energy losses in the arterial system

A

stenoses

48
Q

In hemodynamics of disease, what occurs at the entrance and exit of a stenosis

A

inertial energy losses

49
Q

Where do most inertial energy losses occur and why

A

exit, turbulence

50
Q

Critical stenosis has degree of narrowing at which pressure and flow begin to

A

decrease

51
Q

Critical stenosis typically occurs when _____ area has been _____ by _____

A

cross-sectional area, reduced, 75%

52
Q

Critical stenosis has diameter reduction of

A

50%

53
Q

In critical stenosis, a _____ in the length of a stenosis results in _____ increase in ______ across the stenosis

A

doubling, two-fold, energy losses

54
Q

Collateral vessels are _______ that enlarge with a stenosis or occlusion

A

preexisting pathways

55
Q

Collateral vessels help _____ at stenotic area, providing an alternative _____ for blood to reach _____ vascular bed

A

reduce resistance, pathway, distal

56
Q

If a collateral vessel develops _____ to a stenosis, the collateral will _____ the total ______

A

parallel, lower, resistance

57
Q

What 3 things will have little effect on collaterals

A

vasodilator drugs, exercise, sympathectomy

Vascular I & Physics I (19 decks)

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