Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Vascular I & Physics I > Ch. 14-16 Vascular > Flashcards

Ch. 14-16 Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

What vessels are used for autogenous vein bypass graft

A

GSV usually, but can also use SSV or cephalic V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Orthograde BG involves

A

lyzing valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Retrograde BG involves

A

flipping the vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When you flip the vein, valves

A

do not need to be removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is a vein flip performed

A

large end of the vein anastomosed to small end of artery (and vice versa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When you flip the vein, it is completely

A

removed from its nature tissue bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During the first 30 days, what technical problems are more likely to occur with bypass graft failure

A

retained valve, intimal flap, graft entrapment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patients who need more frequent surveillance are

A

intraoperative revision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the proper doppler technique when scanning bypass graft

A

60-degree angles or less, place sample volume in center of vessel, sample volume should be small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If angles less than 60 degrees are used in previous exams,

A

angles should be duplicated in follow-up exams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If both antegrade and retrograde are seen, it is most likely indicative of

A

retrograde flow through prox outflow artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is most likely to occur any point along bypass conduit

A

myointimal hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aneurysms can be

A

focal or diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should be used to document flow within incidental findings

A

color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may be present with color imaging in a stenosis

A

aliasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

color can mask

A

small wall defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the normal bypass waveform characteristics

A

multi-phasic, sharp upstroke and narrow systolic peak, HIGH RESISTANCE WF CHARACTERISTICS, REVERSE FLOW IN EARLY DIASTOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Occurs when branch of great saphenous vein is left unligated

A

arteriovenous fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abnormal connection between artery and vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the doppler spectrum PROXIMAL to fistula

A

will display low resistance pattern with continuous antegrade flow in diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the doppler spectrum DISTAL to fistula

A

little to no diastolic flow will be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spectral analysis of distal stenosis or occlusion can progress to

A

staccato waveform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the indicator of a staccato waveform

A

minimal forward flow in systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the criteria for stenosis categorization

A

PSV ratio of 3.5 and PSV >300 cm/s consistent with a greater than or equal to 75% stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the normal mean graft flow velocity (GFV)
greater than 45 cm/s
26
A decrease in GFV ______ indicates pending graft failure
>30 cm/s
27
What does PTA stand for
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
28
What is the most common endovascular treatment
PTA
29
What is the process for precutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)
passage of a guidewire, inflation or a balloon or deployment of a stent (or both)
30
Outcome of endovascular intervention is largely dependent on
procedure indication, lesion severity and location
31
Approx _______ of angioplasty sites will require
33% (1/3), re-intervention to maintain patency within the 1st year
32
What will you see in a post stent procedure
decrease in wall compliance
33
What provides a more precise assessment of functional patency
ultrasound testing
34
In claudicant, _____ should improve greater than _____ post procedure
ABI, 0.9
35
What is the abnormal acceleration time for CFA
200 m/sec
36
Tibial waveforms at least at the ankle should also be obtained. (If _______, imaging of _______ site not necessary)
multiphasic, angioplasty
37
Criteria for determining severity of stenosis primarily uses
PSV and velocity ratio
38
VR calculation=
PSV at stenosis divided by PSV just prox to stenosis
39
PSV value may be higher due to _______. why?
Myointimal hyperplasia, (non-uniform wall stress)
40
Duplex findings on in-stent stenosis include
reduction in ABI > .15 mmHg
41
Once an angioplasty site thromboses then undergoes another procedure, the
outcome states are termed secondary patency
42
What is the inflammatory process involve for vascular arteritis
medial layer of vessel wall becomes infiltrated with white blood cells
43
What does the inflammatory process for vascular arteritis appear as
a halo
44
What are the symptoms of vascular arteritis
claudication/rest pain, decreased asymmetrical bp, TIA/stroke symptoms, dizziness, syncope
45
What is giant cell arteritis vascular arteritis also called
temporal arteritis
46
What age and gender is temporal arteritis typically seen
elderly white women
47
Temporal arteritis can cause visual disturbances such as
optic nerve ischemia and is considered a medical emergency
48
What may be present in temporal/giant cell arteritis and what does it appear as
anechoic area surrounding vessel, producing a halo
49
What causes the halo in temporal/giant cell arteritis
accumulation of WBCs
50
What is highly specific for takayasu arteritis, more common in the CCA
macaroni sign
51
What is another name for thromboangiitis obliterans
buerger disease
52
What does buerger disease affect
small and medium vessels of upper and lower extremities
53
What is present in buerger disease
digital ischemia, ischemic digital ulcers
54
What percent of patients will demonstrate symptoms? and in how many extemities
more than 80%, 3 of 4
55
What is always present in clinical history of buerger disease
tobacco abuse
56
What can be used as a scanning technique for buerger disease
PVR waveforms as well as pressure testing
57
Scanning technique can invlove ______ or ______ for buerger disease
upper or lower extremity
58
All of the exam except what may appear normal for buerger disease
digital evaluation
59
Radiation-induced arteritis results in
perivascular fibrosis, inflammation and acceleration of atherosclerosis
60
Radiation induced arteritis may be difficult to distinguish from
atherosclerosis
61
Why is rad induced arteritis difficult to distinguish from atherosclerosis
localization, focal nature, and absence of other atherosclerotic disease points to radiation cause
62
What is embolic disease
occlusion or obstruction of an artery by a transported clot of blood or mass, bacteria or other foreign object
63
In cardioembolic disease, approximately _______ of arterial emboli are from a ____ source
80-90%, cardiac
64
Pulsating encapsulated hematoma that communicates with adjacent artery
pseudoaneurysm
65
Pseudoaneurysms occur from
leakage of blood after injury into soft tissue
66
PA most commonly occurs in the ______ as a result of _______
CFA, catheter-based procedures
67
PA can occur after ________, after _______ or with
blunt or penetrating trauma, bypass grafting, dialysis grafts or fistulas
68
Abnormal connection between artery and vein
arteriovenous fistula
69
What is a sign and symptom of an arteriovenous fistula
palpable thrill
70
In popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, repeated compression of pop artery can produce
aneurysm formation, thromboembolism or arterial thrombosis
71
Scanning technique of nonatherosclerotic arterial aneurysms include
measure vessel diameter proximal and distal to area of suspected dilation
72
When scanning for nonatherosclerotic arterial aneurysms, if the vessel diameter increases at least _____ as compared to ______ segment is consistent with _____
50%, normal, aneurysm

Vascular I & Physics I (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions