Ch 4 Vascular Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 3 layers of a vessel
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
What does the tunica intima consist of
endothelial cell lining with connective tissue beneath
What is the thickest component of the vessel wall
tunica media
What is the tunica media composed of
smooth muscle and varying amounts of elastic fibers and collagen
What is the tunica adventitia composed of
connective tissue
nerve fibers
small capillaries
What are arterioles called and why
“stopcocks” because the circular smooth muscle layers control contraction and resistance
What are the small and medium sized arteries
all except aorta and major branches
What diameter are small to medium arteries and what are the composed of
4mm
smooth muscle layers
what are large arteries composed of
less smooth muscle which makes them elastic
What are the differences between the vein and artery layers
veins are not as muscular
veins walls are thinner
veins have more elastic fiber and collagen
vein thickness depends on region of body
what are venules mainly composed of
connective tissue
what are small to medium sized veins
all veins except portal vein, vena cava and their main branches
what is the diameter of small to medium veins
1-10 mm
what are the large veins
portal vein
SVC
IVC and main branches
What region of the body will veins be thinner and why
proximal to the heart because of the heart’s contraction
What is unique about veins
they have a bicuspid valve with two leaflets that prevent backflow of blood
Where are these veins with valves located
lower extremity
What is the smallest vessel in the body
capillaries
What are capillary walls composed of
layer of endothelial cells
What happens in the capillary
waste, CO2, nutrient exchange
Which carotid artery rises directly from the aorta
left
Which carotid originates from brachiocephalic artery
right
where does the ICA lay in relation to the ECA
lateral
What do ECAs have that ICAs do not
extracranial branches
Intra cranial segment consists of what three portions
petrous
cavernous
cerebral
Where does the ECA lay in relation to the ICA
medial
What does the ECA normally supply
neck and face
What does the ICA normally supply
brain
How many branches does the ECA have
8
Where do vertebral arteries arise from
subclavian
What do vertebral arteries pass through
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull
foramen manum
When the vertebral arteries connect, what is this vessel called
basilar artery
What forms the circle of willis
branches of ICA and vertebral arteries
What does the ICA terminate into
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior communicating
anterior choroidal
What are the anterior cerebral arteries connected through
anterior communicating artery
What completes the circle of willis by connecting right and left sides
anterior and posterior communicating arteries
Where does the external jugular drain from
cranial cavity, neck and face
Where does the external jugular drain into
subclavian
Where does the internal jugular drain from
brain
How does the internal jugular run in relation to the ICA and CCA
anterolateral
The internal jugular unites with _____ to form ______
subclavian vein
brachiocephalic vein
At what level do the vertebral veins emerge
6th cervical vertebra
What do the vertebral veins empty into
brachiocephalic vein
Where does the ascending aorta begin
aortic valve at left ventricle
What are the branches of the aortic arch
brachiocephalic
left cca
left subclavian
What does the brachiocephalic divide into
right CCA and right subclavian
What does the subclavian artery supply
brain
neck
thoracic wall
shoulder
What does the subclavian become at the first rib
axillary artery
Where does axillary begin
outer border of first rib
Where does the brachial artery begin
axilla
What does the brachial artery turn into when it terminates
radial and ulnar arteries
What is he largest brachial artery
profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)
Which is biger: ulnar or radial
ulnar
What side does the ulnar artery course down
pinky/medial side
What side does the radial artery course down
thumb/lateral side
What veins do not have an artery paired with them
superficial veins
what side does the cephalic vein wind around
radial
What border of bicep muscle does the cephalic vein continue along
lateral border
What does the cephalic vein empty into
axillary vein
What side does the basilic vein wind around
ulnar
What border of bicep muscle does the cephalic vein continue along
medial border
Where does the basilic vein terminate
when it joins the brachial vein to form the axillary vein
The cephalic and basilic veins both communicate with
cubital vein
Is the axillary vein paired
not usually
Where does the axillary begin
junction of brachial and basilic veins
subclavian is a continuation of
axillary vein
Where does the subclavian begin
past outer border of first rib
What forms the brachiocephalic veins
junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
what forms the superior vena cava
junction of the two brachiocephalic veins
where does the abdominal aorta begin
level of the 12th thoracic vertebra
what does the celiac artery give rise to
hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries
what does the SMA supply
small intestine and some of the large intestine
what does the IMA supply
large intestine
which renal vein is longer and slightly higher
right
what vessel courses posterior to the IVC
right renal artery
where are the testicular and ovarian arteries located
anterolateral on aorta and and below renal arteries
where does the aorta terminate
4th lumbar vertebra
what are internal arteries also called and what do they supply
hypogastric arteries
pelvic organs
what do the external iliac arteries supply and what do they become
lower extremities
common femoral artery
where does the external iliac artery become the common femoral artery
at the inguinal ligament
left common iliac vein passes where
beneath right common iliac artery at the level of bifurcation
where does IVC lay in relation to the aorta
to the right
what vessel carries oxygenated blood into the liver
hepatic artery
which vessel carries the most blood into the liver
portal vein
what junction forms the portal vein
splenic and SMV
what do the hepatic veins empty into
IVC
common femoral artery is a continuation of what
external iliac artery below the inguinal ligament
what does the common femoral artery divide into
superficial femoral and profunda femoris arteries
what is another name for profunda femoris artery
deep femoral artery
how does the deep femoral artery run in relation to the superficial femoral artery
posterior and lateral
what does the superficial femoral artery pass through
adductor cana
what does the SFA become
popliteal artery
where does the popliteal course
behind knee in popliteal fossa
where does the popliteal artery terminate
anterior tibial, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
where does the anterior tibial artery pass through
interosseous membrane
where is the peroneal artery located and where does it descend
deep within the leg and medial aspect of fibula
where is the tibia located in realtion to fibula
medial
where does the GSV begin
dorsal venous arch
what is the longest vein in the body
great saphenous vein
what does the GSV terminate into
common femoral vein
where does the small saphenous vein begin
as a continuation of the lateral segment of the dorsal venous arch
what may the SSV continue as
above the knee as the vein of Giacomini
where does the deep venous system begin
deep plantar arch
where does the common femoral vein begin
confluence of the demoral andprofunda femoris veins
where does the common femoral vein lie in relation to the common femoral artery
medial
what vessels are almost always lateral
arteries
? + ? = Axillary v
basilic v + brachial (B+B=A)
? + ? = Subclavian V
axillary v + cephalic v (A+C=B)
? + ? = brachial v
radial v + ulnar v (R+U=B)
? + ? = brachiocephalic v
IJV + subclavian v
? + ? = SVC
right + left brachiocephalic
