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Vascular I & Physics I > Ch 4 Vascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Ch 4 Vascular Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 layers of a vessel

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

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2
Q

What does the tunica intima consist of

A

endothelial cell lining with connective tissue beneath

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3
Q

What is the thickest component of the vessel wall

A

tunica media

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4
Q

What is the tunica media composed of

A

smooth muscle and varying amounts of elastic fibers and collagen

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5
Q

What is the tunica adventitia composed of

A

connective tissue
nerve fibers
small capillaries

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6
Q

What are arterioles called and why

A

“stopcocks” because the circular smooth muscle layers control contraction and resistance

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7
Q

What are the small and medium sized arteries

A

all except aorta and major branches

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8
Q

What diameter are small to medium arteries and what are the composed of

A

4mm

smooth muscle layers

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9
Q

what are large arteries composed of

A

less smooth muscle which makes them elastic

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10
Q

What are the differences between the vein and artery layers

A

veins are not as muscular
veins walls are thinner
veins have more elastic fiber and collagen
vein thickness depends on region of body

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11
Q

what are venules mainly composed of

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

what are small to medium sized veins

A

all veins except portal vein, vena cava and their main branches

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13
Q

what is the diameter of small to medium veins

A

1-10 mm

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14
Q

what are the large veins

A

portal vein
SVC
IVC and main branches

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15
Q

What region of the body will veins be thinner and why

A

proximal to the heart because of the heart’s contraction

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16
Q

What is unique about veins

A

they have a bicuspid valve with two leaflets that prevent backflow of blood

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17
Q

Where are these veins with valves located

A

lower extremity

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18
Q

What is the smallest vessel in the body

A

capillaries

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19
Q

What are capillary walls composed of

A

layer of endothelial cells

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20
Q

What happens in the capillary

A

waste, CO2, nutrient exchange

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21
Q

Which carotid artery rises directly from the aorta

A

left

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22
Q

Which carotid originates from brachiocephalic artery

A

right

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23
Q

where does the ICA lay in relation to the ECA

A

lateral

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24
Q

What do ECAs have that ICAs do not

A

extracranial branches

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25
Q

Intra cranial segment consists of what three portions

A

petrous
cavernous
cerebral

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26
Q

Where does the ECA lay in relation to the ICA

A

medial

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27
Q

What does the ECA normally supply

A

neck and face

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28
Q

What does the ICA normally supply

A

brain

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29
Q

How many branches does the ECA have

A

8

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30
Q

Where do vertebral arteries arise from

A

subclavian

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31
Q

What do vertebral arteries pass through

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

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32
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter the skull

A

foramen manum

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33
Q

When the vertebral arteries connect, what is this vessel called

A

basilar artery

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34
Q

What forms the circle of willis

A

branches of ICA and vertebral arteries

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35
Q

What does the ICA terminate into

A

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior communicating
anterior choroidal

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36
Q

What are the anterior cerebral arteries connected through

A

anterior communicating artery

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37
Q

What completes the circle of willis by connecting right and left sides

A

anterior and posterior communicating arteries

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38
Q

Where does the external jugular drain from

A

cranial cavity, neck and face

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39
Q

Where does the external jugular drain into

A

subclavian

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40
Q

Where does the internal jugular drain from

A

brain

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41
Q

How does the internal jugular run in relation to the ICA and CCA

A

anterolateral

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42
Q

The internal jugular unites with _____ to form ______

A

subclavian vein

brachiocephalic vein

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43
Q

At what level do the vertebral veins emerge

A

6th cervical vertebra

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44
Q

What do the vertebral veins empty into

A

brachiocephalic vein

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45
Q

Where does the ascending aorta begin

A

aortic valve at left ventricle

46
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic
left cca
left subclavian

47
Q

What does the brachiocephalic divide into

A

right CCA and right subclavian

48
Q

What does the subclavian artery supply

A

brain
neck
thoracic wall
shoulder

49
Q

What does the subclavian become at the first rib

A

axillary artery

50
Q

Where does axillary begin

A

outer border of first rib

51
Q

Where does the brachial artery begin

A

axilla

52
Q

What does the brachial artery turn into when it terminates

A

radial and ulnar arteries

53
Q

What is he largest brachial artery

A

profunda brachii (deep brachial artery)

54
Q

Which is biger: ulnar or radial

A

ulnar

55
Q

What side does the ulnar artery course down

A

pinky/medial side

56
Q

What side does the radial artery course down

A

thumb/lateral side

57
Q

What veins do not have an artery paired with them

A

superficial veins

58
Q

what side does the cephalic vein wind around

A

radial

59
Q

What border of bicep muscle does the cephalic vein continue along

A

lateral border

60
Q

What does the cephalic vein empty into

A

axillary vein

61
Q

What side does the basilic vein wind around

A

ulnar

62
Q

What border of bicep muscle does the cephalic vein continue along

A

medial border

63
Q

Where does the basilic vein terminate

A

when it joins the brachial vein to form the axillary vein

64
Q

The cephalic and basilic veins both communicate with

A

cubital vein

65
Q

Is the axillary vein paired

A

not usually

66
Q

Where does the axillary begin

A

junction of brachial and basilic veins

67
Q

subclavian is a continuation of

A

axillary vein

68
Q

Where does the subclavian begin

A

past outer border of first rib

69
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic veins

A

junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

70
Q

what forms the superior vena cava

A

junction of the two brachiocephalic veins

71
Q

where does the abdominal aorta begin

A

level of the 12th thoracic vertebra

72
Q

what does the celiac artery give rise to

A

hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries

73
Q

what does the SMA supply

A

small intestine and some of the large intestine

74
Q

what does the IMA supply

A

large intestine

75
Q

which renal vein is longer and slightly higher

A

right

76
Q

what vessel courses posterior to the IVC

A

right renal artery

77
Q

where are the testicular and ovarian arteries located

A

anterolateral on aorta and and below renal arteries

78
Q

where does the aorta terminate

A

4th lumbar vertebra

79
Q

what are internal arteries also called and what do they supply

A

hypogastric arteries

pelvic organs

80
Q

what do the external iliac arteries supply and what do they become

A

lower extremities

common femoral artery

81
Q

where does the external iliac artery become the common femoral artery

A

at the inguinal ligament

82
Q

left common iliac vein passes where

A

beneath right common iliac artery at the level of bifurcation

83
Q

where does IVC lay in relation to the aorta

A

to the right

84
Q

what vessel carries oxygenated blood into the liver

A

hepatic artery

85
Q

which vessel carries the most blood into the liver

A

portal vein

86
Q

what junction forms the portal vein

A

splenic and SMV

87
Q

what do the hepatic veins empty into

A

IVC

88
Q

common femoral artery is a continuation of what

A

external iliac artery below the inguinal ligament

89
Q

what does the common femoral artery divide into

A

superficial femoral and profunda femoris arteries

90
Q

what is another name for profunda femoris artery

A

deep femoral artery

91
Q

how does the deep femoral artery run in relation to the superficial femoral artery

A

posterior and lateral

92
Q

what does the superficial femoral artery pass through

A

adductor cana

93
Q

what does the SFA become

A

popliteal artery

94
Q

where does the popliteal course

A

behind knee in popliteal fossa

95
Q

where does the popliteal artery terminate

A

anterior tibial, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries

96
Q

where does the anterior tibial artery pass through

A

interosseous membrane

97
Q

where is the peroneal artery located and where does it descend

A

deep within the leg and medial aspect of fibula

98
Q

where is the tibia located in realtion to fibula

A

medial

99
Q

where does the GSV begin

A

dorsal venous arch

100
Q

what is the longest vein in the body

A

great saphenous vein

101
Q

what does the GSV terminate into

A

common femoral vein

102
Q

where does the small saphenous vein begin

A

as a continuation of the lateral segment of the dorsal venous arch

103
Q

what may the SSV continue as

A

above the knee as the vein of Giacomini

104
Q

where does the deep venous system begin

A

deep plantar arch

105
Q

where does the common femoral vein begin

A

confluence of the demoral andprofunda femoris veins

106
Q

where does the common femoral vein lie in relation to the common femoral artery

A

medial

107
Q

what vessels are almost always lateral

A

arteries

108
Q

? + ? = Axillary v

A

basilic v + brachial (B+B=A)

109
Q

? + ? = Subclavian V

A

axillary v + cephalic v (A+C=B)

110
Q

? + ? = brachial v

A

radial v + ulnar v (R+U=B)

111
Q

? + ? = brachiocephalic v

A

IJV + subclavian v

112
Q

? + ? = SVC

A

right + left brachiocephalic

Vascular I & Physics I (19 decks)

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