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Vascular I & Physics I > Ch. 23 Vascular > Flashcards

Ch. 23 Vascular Flashcards

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1
Q

Color duplex ultrasonography can differentiate

A

aortic aneurysm from tortuous vessels

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2
Q

AAAs occur more frequently in ______ and are mostly located

A

older men, inferior to renal arteries

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3
Q

AAAs are commonly associated with iliac, femoral and popliteal aneurysms. What percentage represents popliteal aneurysms

A

20%

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4
Q

AAAs are commonly associated with what 3 aneurysms

A

iliac, femoral and popliteal

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5
Q

What is an indication for aortoiliac duplex exam

A

emboli in ischemic digits (blue toe syndrome)

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6
Q

What is another name for emboli in ischemic digits

A

blue toe syndrome

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7
Q

When preparing for an aortoiliac scan, the patient should

A

fast overnight for 8-12 hours

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8
Q

Besides supine, what are other patient positions that can be used

A

RLD or LLD

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9
Q

What transducers are most used for AI duplex exam

A

lower frequency

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10
Q

What might you do to ensure a high resolution with good color flow and spectral doppler

A

use multiple transducer approaches, find windows

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11
Q

in AAA protocol, diametermeasurements may include both ____ and left to right ______ dimensions

A

AP, lateral

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12
Q

In AAA protocol, what dimensions are less reliable due to edge drop-off

A

lateral

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13
Q

In AAA protocol, care must be taken to be sure that measurements are taken

A

perpendicular to the vessel

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14
Q

In AAA protocol, a _____ flow component in early diastole should be present in

A

reverse / CIA, EIA and distal abdominal aorta

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15
Q

______ waveform at the CFA ______ to an ______ occlusion likely means _______ system in place

A

multiphasic, ipsilateral, iliac artery, collateralization

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16
Q

Stents should be evaluated for

A

alignment, full deployment, relationship to vessel wall

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17
Q

Walls of stents should be _____ to walls of vessel

A

opposed

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18
Q

Normal aortic diameter

A

<2cm

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19
Q

What diameter is consistent with aneurysm

A

> 3cm

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20
Q

Focal diameter increasing by more than ____ of normal segment is consistent with aneurysm

A

50%

21
Q

TRUE aneurysms involve

A

all three layers of vessel wall

22
Q

AAA most commonly involve

A

distal aorta (infrarenal)

23
Q

What are the two types of AAA

A

fusiform, saccular

24
Q

Saccular AAAs have

A

asymmetric outpouching dilations

25
Q

Saccular AAAs are often caused by what two things

A

trauma, penetrating aortic ulcers

26
Q

What is the most common aneurysm complication

A

rupture

27
Q

Dissection is associated with

A

two flow channels

28
Q

In a stenosis or occlusion, thrombus is often

A

homogeneous with smooth borders

29
Q

Thrombus is often found

A

within aneurysm sac

30
Q

In stenosis or occlusion, ______ waveforms may remain fairly normal with presence of extensive _______

A

distal, collateralization

31
Q

In aortoiliac duplex ultrasound following EVAR, it excludes

A

aneurysm from general circulation

32
Q

Flow present within aneurysm sac after intervention

A

endoleak

33
Q

Endoleaks have a risk of

A

rupture

34
Q

Endoleak presence can _____ pressure in aneurysm sac, continuing to make rupture a risk

A

increase

35
Q

CDU for follow up can accurately

A

monitor residual aneurysm sac size and detect graft limb dysfunction and kinking

36
Q

What is frequent in CDU for follow up

A

trade off and long term survelliance

37
Q

EVAR complications

A

PA, hematomas, stenosis

38
Q

B mode characteristics in the residual aneurysm sac after successful EVAR are usually

A

homogeneous

39
Q

When scanning EVAR, color is helpful in

A

localization of vessels, following deep/tortuous vessels and aiding in aligning doppler gate

40
Q

Residual sac size should what over time

A

decrease

41
Q

What is the most compelling evidence of success after EVAR

A

decrease in residual sac size over time

42
Q

How many types of endoleaks are there

A

4

43
Q

What is type I endoleak

A

ineffective steal at attachment site

44
Q

What is type II endoleak

A

retrograde flow in branch (lumbar) vessel

45
Q

What is type III endoleak

A

modular disconnection or defect in graft fabric

46
Q

What is type IV endoleak

A

porous graft or microleak in graft material

47
Q

What has reproducible arterial waveforms DIFFERENT from flow within endograft

A

perigraft leaks

48
Q

What can you do to help identify endoleaks

A

change patient position from supine to RLD/LLD, optimize color settings (decrease PRF), use power doppler

49
Q

When identifying endoleaks, what can you do to optimize the color settings

A

decrease PRF, increase persistence and gain

Vascular I & Physics I (19 decks)

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