Ch 5 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What makes up the circulatory system
The heart
Blood vessels:
The arteries
The Veins
The capillaries
Blood transports:
Carbon dioxide Oxygen Glucose and other Nutrients Hormones White blood cells Haemoglobin Platelets Plasma
What blood vessels do when experiencing cold conditions and warm conditions
Vasoconstriction - The vessels constrict and move inwards towards the warmth
Vasodilation - Move outwards towards the skin and dilate to lose heat
Circulatory Systems
Pulmonary:
Heart to the lungs (de-o2) and then to the heart (o2)
Systemic:
Heart (o2) to the body where exchange happens at the cells, then back to the heart (de-o2)
Arteries
Carry o2
Red in diagrams (usually)
Move blood away from the heart
Work under much higher pressure than the veins
Veins
Transport de-o2 blood
Usually blue in diagrams
Carries de-o2 blood to the heart
Have valves in them to prevent back flow
Capillaries
1 cell thick
Permeable for gas exchange (Ficks Law of Diffusion)
How the Blood vessels interact
Arteries (transport o2) -> Capillaries (gas exchange occurs) -> Veins (carry de-o2 blood back to the heart)
Composition of Blood - RBC
Red Blood Cells
Produced in the bone marrow Transport: Haemoglobin - Body decides how much it needs (people and height and athletes have a higher amount usually) - Also made in bone marrow - A type of protein - Replaced every 108 - 140 Days
The Composition of Blood - WBC
White Blood Cells
- Made in bone marrow
- Fight infections/bacterias (part of the immune system)
Composition of Blood - Plasma
A salty liquid in our blood that has no cells in it
- Where you would find the carbonic acid mix
Composition of Blood - Platelets
Responsible for the coagulation of our blood (clump our blood together)
- Forms blood clots
- Rush to the surface when we cut ourselves to form a scab
Blood Flow Through The Heart
All De-Oxygenated:
1 - Vena Cava
2 - Right Atrium - Stores blood (weak pump)
3 - Right Ventricle - Main pumping force (strong thick muscle)
4 - Pulmonary Arteries (only arteries to carry de-o2)
5 - Lungs (where the blood exchanges CO2 for O2 and becomes oxygenated)
All Oxygenated: 1 - Pulmonary Veins (transport newly o2ated blood to heart -Only veins to carry 02ated blood) 2 - Left Atrium (storage) 3 - Left Ventricle - Major pump 4 - Aorta 5 - Systemic System
Blood Supply to the Heart
The heart is a big muscle and requires fuel (o2 and glucose) through internal respiration
Wrapped in its own arteries and veins
- Coronary artery delivers o2 and nutrients
- Coronary Veins remove waste products:
- Carbon dioxide
- Water (Which forms carbonic acid)
Pulse Rate
Average of 72bpm in an average healthy adult
Controlled by: (autonomous NS / Vegetative)
- Glucose levels
- Exercise
- Adrenaline
- CO2
Effected by: - Eating
- Caffeine / drugs
- Age (pulse increases as you get older)
- Gender (females have a slightly higher pulse)