Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology1 > Ch 5: Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch 5: Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

According to Collision theory, what 3 factors determine whether a chemical reaction will occur from a collision?

A
  1. Molecules need to collide with enough energy
  2. Speed of the molecules
  3. Orientation of the molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much can enzymes increase reaction rates?

A

108 - 1010 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the “turnover number” of an enzyme?

A

The max number of substrate molecules an enzyme converts to product per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the turnover number of DNA polymerase I?

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the turnover number of lactate dehydrogenase?

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the turnover number for carbonic anhydrase?

(CO2 + H2O → HCO3 + H+)

A

500,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) used in catabolic or anabolic reactions?

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) used in catabolic or anabolic reactions?

A

Anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of inorganic cofactors?

A

Iron

Copper

Zinc

Calcium

Cobalt

Manganese

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What conditions will denature proteins? (6)

A

High temperatures

Change in pH

Detergents

Heavy metal ions

Alcohol

Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proteins can potentially re-nature if ______

A

they have not coagulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of sulfanilamide?

A

Competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase and prevents the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What other molecule does sulfanilamide mimic?

A

p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of ribozymes?

A

RNA splicing, general Ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compare and contrast the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and glycolysis.

A

EDP: produces 1 ATP, 1 NADH, and 1 NADPH; has a lower activation energy

Glycolysis: produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH; has a higher activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the final product from one round of the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

2 NADPH

No ATP consumed or produced

A source for 4/5 carbon skeletons that can be used for synthesis of AA Nucleic acids and other macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the final output for every 2 molecules of acetyl-CoA that enter the TCA cycle?

A

4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP (technically GTP but it’s equivalent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three classes of carriers in the electron transport chain?

A

Flavoproteins

Cytochromes

Ubiquinones (Q)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the complexes involved in the electron transport chain. What are the mobile electron carriers?

A

I: NADH dehydrogenase

II: Succinate dehydrogenase

III: Cytochrome bc-1 complex

IV: cytochrome C oxidase

V: ATP synthase

Mobile electron carriers: Q and cytochrome C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are the enzymes for the electron transport chain located in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes: plasma membrane

Eukaryotes: inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which complexes in the electron transport chain actively transport protons across the membrane?

A

NADH dehydrogenase (I)

Cytochrome bc-1 complex (III)

Cytochrome C oxidase (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ATP synthase functions how?

A

Protons pumped out by complexes I, III, and IV can only get back across the membrane via ATP synthase, which drives the synthesis of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many total ATP are produced in prokaryotes from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose during aeorbic respiration?

A

38 ATP

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 +38 ADP + 38 Pi → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In anaerobic respiration, what is used as an electron acceptor instead of O2? What are their products? (3)

A

NO3- → NO2-, N2 + H2O

SO4- → H2S + H2O

CO2 → CH4 + H20

25
Q

What is homolactic fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation that only produces lactic acid

26
Q

What is heterolactic fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation that produces lactic acid and other compounds

27
Q

What is the final electron acceptor of lactic acid fermentation?

A

Pyruvate

28
Q

What microorganism is commercially important for ethanol production?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

(yeast)

29
Q

What is the evolutionary benefit of ethanol fermentation?

A

Ethanol is toxic to other microbes. Yeast can then break down the ethanol for energy

30
Q

Bacteria can help clean up oil spills by utilizing what metabolic pathway?

A

β - oxidation

31
Q

What is the drawback to a typical fermentation test?

A

It relies on a pH indicator (turns yellow in acid) to detect for acid side-products and not actually ethanol

32
Q

What is a chemotroph?

A

an organism that uses energy from organic or inorganic compounds (chemicals

33
Q

What is a phototroph?

A

An organism that uses light as its primary energy source

34
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that uses CO2 for their principal carbon source

35
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that requires an organic carbon source (feeders)

36
Q

What is a saprophyte?

A

A class of chemoheterotroph that live on dead organic matter

37
Q

What is a parasite?

A

A class of chemoheterotroph that derives its nutrients from a living host

38
Q

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemoautotroph. How does it get its energy?

A

It uses the Calvin-Benson cycle to fix CO2 (self-feeder)

39
Q

What are the similarities and differences between photoheterotrophs and photoautotrophs?

A

Both use light as primary energy source

photoheterotrophs require an organic carbon source, but photo autotrophs can fix CO2 with the Calvin-Benson cycle

40
Q

During the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O, how much energy is trapped in the bonds of ATP and how much is lost as heat?

A

55% ATP

45% lost as heat

41
Q

Besides the production of new cellular components, what other cellular processes use ATP?

A
  1. Creating gradients
  2. Active transport
  3. Movement (flagellar)
42
Q

Three different ways ATP can be made

A

Substrate level Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorlaytion

Photophosphorylation( 2 different type)

43
Q

Glycolysis formula

A

Glucose+ 2 ATP+2ADP+2PO4+2 NAD+ →

2 pyruvic acid + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+

44
Q

Enter- Doudoroff pathway

A

Product,1 ATP, 1 NADPH and 1 NADH

Present in some gram-negative bacteria,

Generally not in gram-positive

45
Q

Erythrose 4 phosphate

A

to make several amino acids

46
Q

F6P(PPP)

A

Can isomerase to G6P and reenter ther PPP or glycolysis

47
Q

G3P

A

enter glycolsis

48
Q

Ribose phospate

A

To make Nucleotides and nucleic acids or Calvin- Benson cycle

49
Q

Fermentation Test

A

Acid production decreases the pH, pH sensor turns yellow

Mannitol is Fermenting

Protein alternate source to grow on

50
Q

Protein Catabolism

A

Protein catabolism results in increase of pH, turns purple

51
Q

Protein Catabolism(iron agar)

A

To test if Sulfar can be removed, results in black precipitate and H2S

Distinguishes Salmonella from E.coli

52
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Hard to distinguish the role of carbon, come in two classes

Saprophyte:Live on dead organic matter

Parasites derive nutrients from a live host

53
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

REDUCE inorganic compounds, Tahiobcillus ferrooxidans

Use the Calvin Benson cycle

54
Q

Photohetertrophs

A

Use light for energy

Need an organic carbon source

55
Q

Photoautorophs

A

Use light for energy

Use Calvin Benson cycle to fix CO2

Green and purple sulfer bacteria cynobactera, algae and green plants

Two

56
Q

Apoenzyme

A

An enzyme that requires a cofactor, but does not have one bound to it,
Inactive

57
Q

Haloenzyme

A

An apoenzyme with its cofactor, ACTIVE

58
Q

NAD/NADP+
FAD

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(Phosphate)
Cofactors for Oxidase reduction
NAD -Catabolic
NADPH- Anabolic
Kerbs cycle

59
Q

What is the Calvin-Benson cycle

A

A light INdependent reaction to “fix” CO2
3 turns make one G3P

6 turns make one Glucose

6CO2+18ATP+12 NADH→1 Glucose

Microbiology1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions