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Microbiology1 > Ch 12: Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Ch 12: Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Most molds are ____ while most yeasts are ____.

A
  • Aerobic
  • Facultative anaerobes
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2
Q

True or false. Most fungi can tolerate lower pHs and higher osmotic pressures than bacteria?

A

True

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3
Q

What are Mycorrhizae?

A

Symbiotic fungi with plants that aid in nutrient absorption

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4
Q

Multicellular fungi are identified based on _____

A

Physical appearance; including colony characteristics and reproductive spores

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5
Q

A hyphal mass is referred to as a

A

Mycelium

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6
Q

True or false. Yeasts are multicellular fungi.

A

False. They are unicellular

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7
Q

What are the two methods of division in yeasts?

A
  1. Fision
  2. Budding
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8
Q

Does Saccharomyces cerevisiae reproduce by budding or by fission?

A

Budding

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9
Q

Buds that fail to detach from the parent cell form structures known as ____

A

Pseudohypha

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10
Q

What yeast requires formation of pseudohypha to aid in its pathogenicity?

A

Candida albicans

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11
Q

One yeast cell in its lifetime can produce about ____ daughter cells by budding

A

24

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12
Q

What is the Crabtree effect?

A

Describes the phenomenon whereby S. cerevisiae produces EtOH aerobically in the presence of high external glucose concentrations

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13
Q

Yeast can use oxygen or an organic compound as a final electron acceptor. Which method do they prefer?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Aerobic respiration
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14
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A

Fungi that grow either as a mold, forming hyphae, or as a yeast through budding

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15
Q

Dimorphism in fungi can be triggered by? (2)

A
  1. Temperature (37 C for yeast-like; 25 C for mold-like)
  2. CO2 levels
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16
Q

What is the difference between asexual and sexual spores?

A
  • Asexual: genetically identical to parent; originate from a single hypha
  • Sexual: arise from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains
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17
Q

What is a telomorph?

A

Fungus that reproduces both sexually and asexually

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18
Q

What is an anamorph?

A

Fungi that reproduce only asexually

19
Q

What is a conidiospore/conidium?

A
  • Asexual spore not enclosed in a sac
  • Produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore
  • Easily dispersed (dust)
20
Q

What is a sporangiospore?

A
  • Asexual spore formed within a sac (sporangium) at the end of an aerial hypha
  • One sporangium contains hundreds of sporangiospores
21
Q

What are arthroconidia?

A
  • Condia subtype
  • Spores relased by fragmentation
22
Q

What are blastoconidia?

A
  • Conidia subtype
  • Budding from a parent cell
23
Q

What are chlamydoconidia?

A
  • Conidia subtype
  • Thick-walled spores formed by rouding and enlargement within hyphae
24
Q

What are the three phases of reproduction for sexual spores?

A
  1. Plasmogamy: union of two haploid cells with mixing
  2. Karyogamy: + and - nuclei fuse
  3. Meiosis: diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei as sexual spores, which may be genetic recombinants
25
Q

What phyla are considered the “4 true fungi”

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
  4. Chytridiomycota
26
Q

What is a zygospore?

A
  • Large diploid spore (sexual) enclosed in a thick wall
  • Multi-ncleated diploid reproductive stage resulting from the fusion of haploid nuclei from two cells
27
Q

What is an ascospore?

A
  • Sexual spore produced in a saclike structured (ascus)
  • Results from the fusion of nuclei from two cells
  • Haploid spores are produced during meiosis
28
Q

What is a basidiospore?

A
  • Sexual haploid spore
  • formed externally on a pedestal (basidium)
29
Q

Any fungal disease is called a ____

A

Mycosis

30
Q

What type of mycosis is limited to hair shafts and surface epidermal cells; also prevalent in tropical climates?

A

Superficial

31
Q

What type of mycosis infects only the nails, epidermis, and hair; with transmission occurring by direct contact?

A

Cutaneous or Dermatomycoses

32
Q

What type of mycosis is found beneath the skin caused by fungi that live in soli or vegetation; infections occur by direct spore implantation into puncture wound?

A

Subcutaneous

33
Q

What type of mycosis can affect a number of organs and tissues; transmitted by inhalation of spores?

A

Systemic

34
Q

What type of mycosis is usually harmless but can become pathogenic in a compromised host (i.e. immunocompromised)

A

Opportunistic

35
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Call conjugation fungi, sporangium fungi, or common mold
  • Molds that have coenocytic hyphae
  • Produce sporangiospores asexually
  • Produce zygospores sexually
A

Zygomycota

36
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Sac fungi
  • Includes moldes with septate hyphae and some yeasts
  • Asexual spores: conidiospores
  • Sexual spores: ascospore
A

Ascomycota

37
Q

Identify the phylum:

  • Club fungi
  • Includes fungi that produce mushrooms
  • Septate hyphae
  • Asexual spore: conidiospores (or fragmentation)
  • Sexual spore: basidiospore
A

Basidiomycota

38
Q

True or false. Penicillium is an anamorph.

A

True

39
Q

How does a Schizosaccharomyces pombe divide

A

Fission; divide symmetrically

40
Q

How does a saccharomyces cervisiae replicate?

A

Budding; Divide asymmetrically

41
Q

What is plasmogamy

A

The fusion of the two HAPLOID cells with mixing of the cyctoplasm

42
Q

What is Karyogamy

A

+ and a - nuclei fuse

43
Q

What is meiosis

A

Diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei(Sexual spores) some of which may be genetic recombinants

Microbiology1 (20 decks)

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