CH 5 - Human Movement Science

Question 1

Which of the following refers to a position nearest to the center of the reference points/body?

Answer 1

PROXIMAL

Question 2

which of the following refers to the muscle shortening to a constant speed over the full range of motion?

Answer 2

Isokinetic

Question 3

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, what happens to its ability to produce force?

Answer 3

It decreases

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a second-class lever?

Answer 4

A) Nodding your head
B) Calf Raise
C) Bicep Curl
D) Leg Curl

B: Calf Raise

Question 5

Sagittal Plane of Motion

Answer 5

bisecting the body into right and left halves - forward and backward movements

If an exercise is primarily made up of flexion and extension joint motions, it is classified in the sagittal plane.

Ex: the back squat can be classified as a sagittal plane exercise
OR the bicep curl goes through flexion and extension of the wrist, elbow and shoulder, staying on track parallel to the sagittal plane.
examples: triceps pushdowns, front lunges, walking/running, vertical jumping, calf raises, and climbing stairs.

Question 6

Frontal plane of motion

Answer 6

bisecting the body into front and back (anterior and posterior) as if there were a wall in front and behind the body
ex: straight-arm lateral raises and lateral leg raises
or side lunge,

side-to-side movements

Question 7

Transverse Plane of Motion

Answer 7

bisecting the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior) halves

twisting movements imaginary axis running vertically down through the center of the head through the spine.
Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat

Question 8

Posterior

Answer 8

Positioned on the back of the body

Question 9

Anterior

Answer 9

Positioned on the front of the body

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

Positioned toward the outside of the body

Question 11

Medial

Answer 11

Positioned near the middle of the body

Question 12

Superior

Answer 12

Positioned above a point of reference

Question 13

Inferior

Answer 13

Positioned below a point of reference

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Question 15

Extension

Answer 15

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Question 16

ABduction

Answer 16

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Question 17

Concentric

Answer 17

When a muscle is exerting more force than being placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle

Muscle contraction = muscle shortens.

ex: during the pressing away from the ground during a push up or
during the pulling up during a pull-up

Question 18

Eccentric

Answer 18

Moving in the same direction of force, resulting in the lengthening of a muscle

Muscle contraction = muscle lengthens

Ex: During a decent during squat, coming towards the ground during a push-up = eccentric

AKA Negative portion of the lift

Question 19

IsoMETRIC

Answer 19

Muscle Contraction = No change in the muscle length

ex: wall sit OR prone iso-ab (plank)

Question 20

IsoMETRIC

Answer 20

When contractile force is equal to the resistance and no movement occurs

Muscle Contraction = No change in the muscle length
ex: wall sit OR prone iso-ab (plank)

Question 21

DISTAL

Answer 21

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference

Question 22

Anatomic Position

Answer 22

The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward

Question 23

Force Couple

Answer 23

The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint

Can be seen with the upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior moving the scapulae during a military press OR hamstrings, quads and glutes during a squat.

Question 24

Motor Learning

Answer 24

Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a relatively permanent change in the ability to produce complex movements

Question 25

Motor Behavior

Answer 25

The HMS response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Question 26

Motor Control

Answer 26

The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences

Question 27

Force-velocity curve

Answer 27

The ability of muscles to produce force with increasing velocity

Question 28

As the velocity of an eccentric muscle action increases, the ability to develop force _____.

Answer 28

Increases

Question 29

Lever

Answer 29

A rigid bar that pivots about a stationary fulcrum

Question 30

Performing a calf raise is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 30

2nd class - resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort

Question 31

Performing a biceps curl is an example of what type of lever?

Answer 31

Third Class Lever

*most limbs in the body are third class levers.

Question 32

Sensory Information

Answer 32

Data the CNS receives from sensory receptors, such as the body’s position in space, limb orientation, and information about the environment