CH 5 - Human Movement Science Flashcards
Which of the following refers to a position nearest to the center of the reference points/body?
PROXIMAL
which of the following refers to the muscle shortening to a constant speed over the full range of motion?
Isokinetic
As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, what happens to its ability to produce force?
It decreases
Which of the following is an example of a second-class lever?
A) Nodding your head
B) Calf Raise
C) Bicep Curl
D) Leg Curl
B: Calf Raise
Sagittal Plane of Motion
bisecting the body into right and left halves - forward and backward movements
If an exercise is primarily made up of flexion and extension joint motions, it is classified in the sagittal plane.
Ex: the back squat can be classified as a sagittal plane exercise
OR the bicep curl goes through flexion and extension of the wrist, elbow and shoulder, staying on track parallel to the sagittal plane.
examples: triceps pushdowns, front lunges, walking/running, vertical jumping, calf raises, and climbing stairs.
Frontal plane of motion
bisecting the body into front and back (anterior and posterior) as if there were a wall in front and behind the body
ex: straight-arm lateral raises and lateral leg raises
or side lunge,
side-to-side movements
Transverse Plane of Motion
bisecting the body into top and bottom (superior and inferior) halves
twisting movements imaginary axis running vertically down through the center of the head through the spine.
Trunk rotation, throwing, golfing, swinging a bat
Posterior
Positioned on the back of the body
Anterior
Positioned on the front of the body
Lateral
Positioned toward the outside of the body
Medial
Positioned near the middle of the body
Superior
Positioned above a point of reference
Inferior
Positioned below a point of reference
Flexion
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Extension
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
ABduction
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Concentric
When a muscle is exerting more force than being placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle
Muscle contraction = muscle shortens.
ex: during the pressing away from the ground during a push up or
during the pulling up during a pull-up
Eccentric
Moving in the same direction of force, resulting in the lengthening of a muscle
Muscle contraction = muscle lengthens
Ex: During a decent during squat, coming towards the ground during a push-up = eccentric
AKA Negative portion of the lift
IsoMETRIC
Muscle Contraction = No change in the muscle length
ex: wall sit OR prone iso-ab (plank)
IsoMETRIC
When contractile force is equal to the resistance and no movement occurs
Muscle Contraction = No change in the muscle length
ex: wall sit OR prone iso-ab (plank)
DISTAL
Positioned farthest from the center of the body or point of reference
Anatomic Position
The position with the body erect with the arms at the side and the palms forward
Force Couple
The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint
Can be seen with the upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior moving the scapulae during a military press OR hamstrings, quads and glutes during a squat.
Motor Learning
Repeated practice of motor control processes, which lead to a relatively permanent change in the ability to produce complex movements
Motor Behavior
The HMS response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Motor Control
The study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences
Force-velocity curve
The ability of muscles to produce force with increasing velocity
As the velocity of an eccentric muscle action increases, the ability to develop force _____.
Increases
Lever
A rigid bar that pivots about a stationary fulcrum
Performing a calf raise is an example of what type of lever?
2nd class - resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort
Performing a biceps curl is an example of what type of lever?
Third Class Lever
*most limbs in the body are third class levers.
Sensory Information
Data the CNS receives from sensory receptors, such as the body’s position in space, limb orientation, and information about the environment
