CH 2 Basic Exercise Flashcards
Human Movement System
The combination
and interrelation of the
nervous, muscular, and
skeletal systems.
Neuron
The functional unit of the
nervous system.
Motor Function
The neuromuscular
response to the sensory
information.
Proprioception
The ability to sense body position and limb movement relative to adjacent parts of the body and the environment
Mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues
Golgi Tendon Organs
Receptors sensitive to change and rate of change of tension
Muscle Spindles
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and rate of that change
Joint Receptors
Receptors that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint
Nervous System
the body’s communication network, gathers and interprets information, and determines all movement
What are the three functions of the nervous system?
Sensory, integrative, and motor
What are 4 benefits to training proprioceptive abilities?
Improved balance, posture, coordination, and the ability to adapt to changing environments
Motor (efferent) neurons
Transmits nerve impulses from the CNS to effector sites in muscles or organs
Central Nervous System
consists of brain and spinal cord
Peripheral NS
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body
Ligaments
connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability and input to the nervous system
Long Bone
Bone with a cylindrical body (shaft) that are longer than they are wide and enlarge and widen at each end
Arthrokinematics
The motions of the joints in the body
What are the 3 types of joint motion?
Roll, slide, and spin
What are the 6 types of joints related to movement?
What are the 6 types of joints related to movement?Gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket
Most-mobile joints that allow motion in all three planes
Ball and Socket
What percentage of the population experience low back pain?
4/5
What type of joint primarily moves in one plane of motion?
Hindge
What layer of connective tissue is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscles?
Epimysium
What would be the antagonist for the Lat Pull-Down?
DELTOIDS
Synergist
secondary/assister to prime mover
Agonist
main mover of an exerise
Catabolic Hormons
Break Down; cortisol and Glucagon
Anabolic Hormones
Build up; Insulin and testosterone
How many bones in the cervical region?
7
How many bones in the thoracic region?
5
How many bones in the lombard region?
5
Epimyosium
sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle
Type 1 Muscle Fibers
SLOW TWITCH
Aerobic/Oxidative (uses fat as fuel)
smaller, more endurance, more blood flow, 12+ repetitions
ex: an athlete would be a long distance runner
ex of muscle primarily composed of type 1 muscle fibers: heart and calves
Type 2 Muscle Fibers
FAST TWITCH
Anaerobic (uses carbs are fuel), larger, power and force production, QUICK to fatigue, LESS blood flow, 1-12 reps
ex of athlete: lifter/sprinter/b-ball player
ex of muscle: quads and chest
Fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
Skeletal System
Basic unit is Osteon.
206 bones of which 126 are part of the appendicular (freely moving bones ex: femur)
80 bones are within the AXIAL (fixed skeleton ex: sternum)
What does the Pancreas produce?
Insulin
