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Gen Psych Midterm > Ch 5: Consciousness > Flashcards

Ch 5: Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

our subjective experience of the world and ourselves
- it is sensitive to brain chemistry, expectations, and culture

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2
Q

circadian rhythm

A

clinical processes that occur on a 24 hour basis

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3
Q

biological clock

A

controls sleep/awake cycles
- in the hypothalamus
- releases melatonin

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4
Q

consequences of inadequate sleep

A

physiological:
- weight gain, depression, decreased immune system activity

cognitive:
- difficulty learning, slower reaction times, trouble problem solving

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5
Q

stages of sleep

A
  • stages 1-4 (non-REM) has fewer dreams
  • stage 5 has vivid dreams
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6
Q

brain waves

A
  • EEG scans allow us to read brain waves
  • awake = beta waves
  • calm wakefulness = alpha waves
  • drowsiness = theta waves
  • deep level of NREM = delta waves
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7
Q

stage 1 of sleep (5-10 mins)

A
  • barely sleep
  • theta waves
  • hypnagogic imagery
  • myoclonic jerks
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8
Q

stage 2 of sleep (10-30 mins)

A
  • theta waves
  • sleep spindles (left) and K-complexes (right)
  • heart rate slows, body temp decreases, muscles relax
  • spend 65% of sleep here
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9
Q

stages 3 and 4 of sleep (15-20 mins)

A
  • delta waves
  • deep sleep
  • adults spend 25% of their sleep here
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10
Q

stage 5 of sleep (10-20 mins)

A
  • brain activity similar to wakefulness
  • increase heart rate/blood pressure
  • 20-25% of sleep occurs here
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11
Q

NREM dreams

A
  • shorter
  • more thought-like
  • repetitive
  • concerned w/ daily tasks
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12
Q

REM dreams

A
  • emotional, illogical
  • prone to plot shifts
  • biologically crucial
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13
Q

REM behavior disorder (rare)

A
  • brainstem structures usually prevent movement during REM sleep
  • someone may try to act out their REM dreams without being aware that they are doing so
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14
Q

REM rebound

A
  • over-activity after REM deprivation
  • intense dreams or nightmares
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15
Q

lucid dreaming

A

the awareness that one is dreaming

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16
Q

dream protection theory (freud)

A

dreams are meaningful and represent repressed desires
- conscious brain (ego) is asleep, less able to control impulses
- wish fulfillment

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17
Q

activation synthesis theory

A
  • dreams are not meaningful
  • they are caused by the physiological processes of the brain
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18
Q

neurocognitive theory

A
  • dreams are meaningful, but they reflect our cognitive abilities
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19
Q

manifest content

A

any event or experience that happens within a person’s dream

20
Q

latent content

A

the underlying or hidden meaning behind the dream

21
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty going to OR staying asleep, or waking up tpoearly

22
Q

narcolepsy

A

rapid and unexpected onset of sleep
- some experience cataplexy

23
Q

cataplexy

A

fully conscious, but can’t control muscles

24
Q

sleep apnea

A

blockage of the airway
- heavy snoring, gasping
- may stop breathing

25
Q

sleepwalking

A

performing “awake” behaviors while fully asleep
- usually occurs during NREM sleep

26
Q

night terrors

A
  • suddenly wake up
  • scream, sweat, be confused
  • return to deep sleep
27
Q

hallucinations

A

realistic perceptual experience in the absence of stimuli

28
Q

sleep paralysis

A

“wake up” but unable to move
- hallucinations
- difficulty breathing

29
Q

hypnosis

A

set of techniques aimed to alter one’s perceptions, thoughts, feelings, etc
- largely pseudoscientific

30
Q

hypnosis myths

A
  1. trance state in which amazing things happen
  2. hypnotic phenomena are unique
  3. sleeplike state
  4. people are unaware of their surroundings
  5. people forget what happens during hypnosis
  6. hypnosis enhances memory
31
Q

out-of-body experiences (OBEs)

A

sense that consciousness “detached” from the body
- may result from “scrambled” sensory information

32
Q

near death experiences (NDEs)

A

light in the tunnel, spiritual beings, seeing loved ones
- cultural differences
- can be experimentally triggered

33
Q

substance abuse disorder

A

repetitive, significant impairment or distress from drug abuse

34
Q

tolerance

A

when the body gets used to drugs or alcohol so that either more of it is needed or something different to produce the same affect

35
Q

withdrawal

A

physical and mental symptoms that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back the use of an addictive substance

36
Q

physical dependence

A

drug use to avoid withdrawal symptoms

37
Q

psychological dependence

A

drug use motivated by intense cravings

38
Q

explanations for drug use

A
  • short term euphoria
  • sociocultural influences
  • no “addictive personality” profile
  • reinforcing “self medication” cycle
  • genetics
39
Q

depressants and alcohol

A
  • decrease functioning of CNS
  • at low doses, it can decrease inhibition
  • at high doses it acts as a depressant
  • ex.: barbiturates, quaaludes, valium
40
Q

sedative hypnotics

A
  • a class of depressant drugs
  • sedative: calming
  • hypnotic: sleep inducing
  • prescribed for anxiety or insomnia
  • ex.: benzos (valium)
41
Q

stimulants

A

gets the CNS started
- nicotine most widely used and highly addictive
- cocaine
- amphetamines

42
Q

amphetamine (stimulant)

A
  • meth
  • elevates mood
  • prolongs fatigue
  • long term use results in lots of neg. health effects
43
Q

narcotics

A
  • opiates: morphine, heroin, codeine
  • relieve pain, induce sleep, euphoria
  • lots of withdrawal symptoms when abused
44
Q

hallucinogenic (psychedelic)

A

alterations in perceptions, mood, and thought

45
Q

LSD (aka acid) (psychedelic)

A
  • NTs: serotonin, dopamine
  • can cause panic, paranoia, confusion, and bodily discomfort
46
Q

marijuana (psychedelic)

A
  • “mild hallucinogen”
  • fewer side effects than most other “illegal” substances
  • relaxed high

Gen Psych Midterm (8 decks)

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