Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 101 > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory information, transforming it into meaningful objects and events

A

Perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information

A

Bottom-up processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

A

Top-down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Changing one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret

A

Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time

A

Absolute threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Below a person’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

Subliminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

A

Difference threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Activating, often unconsciously, associations in our mind, thus setting us up to perceive, remember, or respond to objects or events in certain ways

A

Priming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

A

Weber’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation

A

Sensory adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

Perceptual set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The distance from the peak of one light wave or sound wave to the peak of the next

A

Wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as color names (blue, green, etc)

A

Hue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave, which influences what we perceive as brightness or loudness. Determined by the wave’s amplitude (height)

A

Intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye; contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina; in daylight or well-lit conditions, they detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

A

Optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye; this part of the retina has no receptor cells

A

Blind spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, and one to blue

A

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory

22
Q

The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision

A

Opponent-process theory

23
Q

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as shape, angles, or movement

A

Feature detectors

24
Q

Processing many aspects of a problem or scene at the same time; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision

A

Parallel processing

25
Q

An organized whole

A

Gestalt

26
Q

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

A

Figure-ground

27
Q

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into meaningful groups

A

Grouping

28
Q

The ability to see objects in three dimensions, although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance

A

Depth perception

29
Q

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

A

Visual cliff

30
Q

A depth cue, such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes

A

Binocular cue

31
Q

A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing images from the two eyes, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

A

Retinal disparity

32
Q

A depth cue, such as interposition or linear perspective, available to either eye alone

A

Monocular cue

33
Q

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent color, brightness, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change

A

Perceptual constancy

34
Q

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

A

Color constancy

35
Q

The ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

A

Perceptual adaptation

36
Q

The sense or act of hearing

A

Audition

37
Q

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

A

Frequency

38
Q

A tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

A

Pitch

39
Q

The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window

A

Middle ear

40
Q

A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

A

Cochlea

41
Q

The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

A

Inner ear

42
Q

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve deafness

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

43
Q

A less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

A

Conduction hearing loss

44
Q

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

A

Cochlear implant

45
Q

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another person that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

Hypnosis

46
Q

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

Posthypnotic suggestion

47
Q

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

Kinesthesia

48
Q

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

A

Vestibular sense

49
Q

The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste

A

Sensory interaction

50
Q

The influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

A

Embodied cognition

51
Q

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

A

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Psychology 101 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions