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Psychology 101 > Ch. 13 > Flashcards

Ch. 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

A

Psychological disorder

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2
Q

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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3
Q

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

A

Medical model

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4
Q

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

A

Epigenetics

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5
Q

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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6
Q

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

Anxiety disorders

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7
Q

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

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8
Q

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

A

Panic disorder

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9
Q

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

A

Phobia

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10
Q

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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11
Q

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

A

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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12
Q

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

Psychoactive drug

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13
Q

Disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

A

Substance use disorder

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14
Q

A dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

A

Tolerance

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15
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow ending the use of an addictive drug or behavior

A

Withdrawal

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16
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

17
Q

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use

A

Alcohol use disorder

18
Q

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

A

Barbiturates

19
Q

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

20
Q

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulants

21
Q

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco

A

Nicotine

22
Q

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; temporarily increases alertness and produces feelings of euphoria

A

Cocaine

23
Q

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

Amphetamines

24
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

Methamphetamine

25
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

26
Q

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and trigger sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

27
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

Near-death experience

28
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

A

LSD

29
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

Psychology 101 (10 decks)

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