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Psychology 101 > Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

In psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

A

Sex

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2
Q

In psychology, the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women

A

Gender

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3
Q

Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

A

Aggression

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4
Q

An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing

A

Relational aggression

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5
Q

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females typically have two, males typically have one

A

X chromosome

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6
Q

The sex chromosome typically found only in males

A

Y chromosome

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7
Q

The most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

A

Testosterone

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8
Q

The period of sexual maturation, when a person becomes capable of reproducing

A

Puberty

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9
Q

The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

A

Primary sex characteristics

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10
Q

Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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11
Q

First ejaculation

A

Spermarche

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12
Q

First menstrual period

A

Menarche

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13
Q

A condition present at birth; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes

A

Intersex

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14
Q

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

Role

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15
Q

A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females

A

Gender role

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16
Q

Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two

A

Gender identity

17
Q

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

A

Social learning theory

18
Q

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

A

Gender typing

19
Q

Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics

A

Androgyny

20
Q

An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex

A

Transgender

21
Q

Having no sexual attraction to others

A

Asexual

22
Q

Sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than males

A

Estrogens

23
Q

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

A

Sexual response cycle

24
Q

In human sexuality, a resting pause that occurs after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

A

Refractory period

25
Q

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

A

Sexual dysfunction

26
Q

Inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis

A

Erectile disorder

27
Q

Distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm

A

Female orgasmic disorder

28
Q

A life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

A

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

29
Q

Culturally molded guide for how to act in various situations

A

Social script

30
Q

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of one’s own sex, the other sex, or both sexes

A

Sexual orientation

31
Q

The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection

A

Evolutionary psychology

32
Q

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, the ones most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that increase the organism’s chance of surviving nd reproducing in its environment

A

Natural selection

Psychology 101 (10 decks)

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