Ch. 4 Flashcards
In psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
Sex
In psychology, the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women
Gender
Any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally
Aggression
An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing
Relational aggression
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females typically have two, males typically have one
X chromosome
The sex chromosome typically found only in males
Y chromosome
The most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
The period of sexual maturation, when a person becomes capable of reproducing
Puberty
The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
Primary sex characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
Secondary sex characteristics
First ejaculation
Spermarche
First menstrual period
Menarche
A condition present at birth; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
Intersex
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Role
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females
Gender role
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two
Gender identity
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social learning theory
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender typing
Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics
Androgyny
An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
Transgender
Having no sexual attraction to others
Asexual
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than males
Estrogens
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual response cycle
In human sexuality, a resting pause that occurs after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory period
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual dysfunction
Inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis
Erectile disorder
Distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm
Female orgasmic disorder
A life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Culturally molded guide for how to act in various situations
Social script
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of one’s own sex, the other sex, or both sexes
Sexual orientation
The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection
Evolutionary psychology
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, the ones most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that increase the organism’s chance of surviving nd reproducing in its environment
Natural selection
