Ch. 5

Question 0

Heredity

Answer 0

Factors determined at conception

• Personality comes from genes.

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to & interacts with others

Question 2

Personality Traits

Answer 2

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior

Question 3

What is the Big Five Model?

Answer 3

1. ) Extraversion
2. ) Agreeableness
3. ) Conscientiousness
4. ) Emotional Stability
5. ) Openness to Experience

Question 4

Dark Triad

Answer 4

A constellation of negative personality traits consisting of:

1. ) Machiavellianism
   2) Narcissism
2. ) Psychopathy

Question 5

Machiavellianism

Answer 5

The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, & believes that ends can justify means

Question 6

Conscientiousness

Answer 6

A measure of how responsible, organized, dependable, & persistent

• Highly valued in work setting

Question 7

Emotional Stability

Answer 7

A person’s ability to withstand stress; people with high scores tend to be calm, self-confident, & secure

Question 8

Openness to Experience

Answer 8

Interest & fascination with novelty; creativity, curiosity, & artistic sensitivity

Question 9

Narcissism

Answer 9

The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, & have a sense of entitlement

Question 10

Psychopathy

Answer 10

The tendency for a lack of concern for others & a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm

Question 11

Approach-Avoidance Framework

Answer 11

How individuals react to stimuli & their motivation:

1. ) Approach motivation: attraction to positive stimuli
2. ) Avoidance motivation: aversion to negative stimuli

Question 12

Core Self-Evaluations (CSE)

Answer 12

Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, & worth as a person

Question 13

Self-Monitoring

Answer 13

An individual’s ability to adjust his/her behavior to external, situational factors

Question 14

Proactive Personality

Answer 14

People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, & persevere until meaningful change occurs

Question 15

Situation Strength Theory

Answer 15

The way personality translated into behavior depends on the strength of the situation

• The degree to which norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior:

1. ) Clarity
2. ) Consistency
3. ) Constraints
4. ) Consequences

Question 16

Trait Activation Theory (TAT)

Answer 16

Predicts that some situations, events, or interventions “activate” a trait more than others

Question 17

Values

Answer 17

Basic convictions about what is right, good, or desirable

Question 18

Value System

Answer 18

Ranks values in terms of intensity

Question 19

Terminal Values

Answer 19

Desirable & end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his/her lifetime

Question 20

Instrumental Values

Answer 20

Preferred modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values

Question 21

Personality-Job Fit Theory

Answer 21

Identifies 6 personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type & occupational environment determines satisfaction & turnover

Question 22

What are Holland’s 6 personality types?

Answer 22

1. ) Realistic
2. ) Investigative
3. ) Social
4. ) Conventional
5. ) Enterprising
6. ) Artistic

Question 23

What are Hofstede’s 5 Dimensions of National Culture?

Answer 23

1. ) Power distance
2. ) Individual vs. Collectivism
3. ) Masculinity vs. Femininity
4. ) Uncertainty Avoidance
5. ) Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation

Question 24

Power Distance

Answer 24

The extent to which a society accepts that power institutions & organizations is distributed unequally

Question 25

Individualism

Answer 25

The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups

Question 26

Collectivism

Answer 26

A tight social framework in which people expect others in their group to look after them & protect them

Question 27

Uncertainty Avoidance

Answer 27

The extent to which a society feels threatened by and tries to avoid uncertain & ambiguous situations

Question 28

Long-Term Orientation

Answer 28

Emphasizes the future, thrift, & persistence

Question 29

Short-Term Orientation

Answer 29

Emphasizes the past & present, respect for tradition, and fulfillment of social obligations

Question 30

Masculinity

Answer 30

Describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, & control; societal values characterized by assertiveness & materialism

Question 31

Femininity

Answer 31

Indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as equals of men in all aspects of society

Question 32

GLOBE Framework for Assessing Culture

Answer 32

The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness; research program updated Hofstede’s research

• (See slide)