Ch 42: Upper Gastrointestinal Problems Flashcards
Achalasia
Peristalsis of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus (smooth muscle) is absent
Barrett’s esophagus
Precancerous esophageal disorder characterized by metaplastic cell changes
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Esophogeal cancer
not common, malignant neoplasm of the esophagus
Esophogeal diverticula
Saclike outpouring of one or more layers of the esophagus
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the esophagus caused by infection, irritation from a nasogastric tube, or, most commonly, backflip of gastric juice from the stomach
Gastritis
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD)
Any clinically significant symptomatic condition or histopathologic alteration presumed to be secondary to reflux of gastric contents into the lower esophagus
Hiatal hernia
Herniation of a portion of the stomach into the stomach into the esophagus through an opening or hiatus in the diaphragm
Mallory-Weiss tear
A tear that occurs in the esophageal mucosa at the junction of the esophagus and stomach, caused by severe retching and coming and results in severe bleeding
Nausea
feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with a conscious desire to vomit
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Erosion of thE GI mucosa that results from the digestive action of HCl acid and Pepsin
Stomach cancer
Adenocarnicnoma of the stomach wall
Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD)
occurs in patients who have severe burns or trauma or major surgery, either diffuse or superficial mucosal injury or discrete deeper ulcers in the fundus and body portions of the stomach (also called physiologic stress ulcers)
Vomiting
Forceful ejection of partially digested food and secretions (emesis) from the upper GI tract
