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Pathophysiology II class notes > Ch. 41 Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Ch. 41 Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

1
Q

How are STI’s transferred?

A

Person to person:

Oral, genitalia, urinary meatus, rectum, skin, mother to fetus

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2
Q

How are STI’s transferred?

A

Person to person:

Oral, genitalia, urinary meatus, rectum, skin, mother to fetus

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3
Q

What is the treatment for an STI?

A

Sexual partners must be identified and treated

Abstinence during therapy

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4
Q

How are genital warts transferred?

A

Fomites (ie: contaminated clothing)
Mother to newborn
Mucosal/skin to mucosal/skin

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5
Q

What are the risk factors for genital warts?

A
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6
Q

Describe the progression of genital warts

A

Transient or persistent
Incubation is 1-8 months
May be asymptomatic
Associated with genital cancers

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of external genital warts.

A

Soft raised fleshy lesions, or small bumps or flat rough surfaced areas on external genitalia (male and female)

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8
Q

Describe the appearance/manifestations of internal genital warts

A

Cauliflower-shaped lesions causing discomfort, bleeding, painful intercourse

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9
Q

What are the treatments for genital warts?

A 
Vaccine recently developed
Antimitotic agent necrosing wart tissue
Cryotherapy: treatment of choice
Surgical excision
Laser vaporization
Electrocautery 
**Notification of partners**
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10
Q

How is herpes a neurotropic virus?

A

Grows in neurons, latent form moves up via peripheral nerves; dormant in dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

What is a neurotropic virus?

A

Grows in neurons, latent form moves up via peripheral nerves

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12
Q

What is the treatment for an STI?

A

Sexual partners must be identified and treated

Abstinence during therapy

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13
Q

How are genital warts transferred?

A

Fomites (ie: contaminated clothing)
Mother to newborn
Mucosal/skin to mucosal/skin

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14
Q

What are the risk factors for genital warts?

A

less than 25 years old
Early first intercourse (less than 16 years old)
Increased number of partners

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15
Q

Describe the progression of genital warts

A

Transient or persistent
Incubation is 1-8 months
May be asymptomatic
Associated with genital cancers

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of external genital warts.

A

Soft raised fleshy lesions, or small bumps or flat rough surfaced areas on external genitalia (male and female)

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17
Q

Describe the appearance/manifestations of internal genital warts

A

Cauliflower-shaped lesions causing discomfort, bleeding, painful intercourse

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18
Q

What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Antifungal

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19
Q

What is the incubation period for herpes simplex virus 2?

A

2-12 days

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20
Q

What is a neurotropic virus?

A

Grows in neurons, latent form moves up via peripheral nerves

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21
Q

What are the possible complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Infertility, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease & premature births (women)
Infertility, chronic prostatitis & urethritis (men)

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of genital herpes?

A

Itching, tingling, painful to touch
Dysuria, dyspareunia
“wet” vesicle eventually crusts over

23
Q

What are the symptoms that accompany a primary (first time) infection of herpes?

A

Headache, malaise, muscle aches, lyphadenopathy

24
Q

What are the triggers for a herpes outbreak?

A

Stress, sleep loss, overexertion, other infections, prolonged coitus, menstrual distress

25
Q

What is vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection)?

A

Present in healthy women
Activated when vaginal environment is altered
75% of women at some point in their life
Usually not transmitted sexually (not an “official” SDI)

26
Q

What are the risk factors for vaginal candidiasis?

A 
Decreased normal bacterial flora 
Altered hormonal levels
Decreased immune system
Diabetes Mellitus
HIV infection
27
Q

What are the manifestations for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Thick, white, odorless discharge

Irritation, swelling, erythema, dysuria

28
Q

What is the treatment for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Antifungal

29
Q

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

A

Entry via genitals, urinary tract, eyes, oropharynx, rectum, skin
Neonates born to infected mothers (can cause blindness in neonates)

30
Q

What are the manifestations of trichomoniasis in men?

A

Harbour organisms in urethra & prostate but are almost always asymptomatic

31
Q

What are the possible complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Infertility, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease & premature births (women)
Infertility, chronic prostatitis & urethritis (men)

32
Q

Describe the two distinct morphologies of chlamydial infections. (It is bacterial, but how does it behave like a virus?)

A

Elementary body (survives outside the cell) attaches and is ingested & activates the reticulate body (can’t survive outside cell) which divides and forms new “elementary bodies” released when cell bursts

33
Q

What is the most common STI in North America?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

What are the manifestations of chlamydia in women?

A

Can be asymptomatic
Frequency, dysuria, vaginal discharge
Mucopurulent cervical discharge
Cervix becomes hypertrophied, edematous, friable

35
Q

What are the manifestations of chlamydia in men?

A

Urethritis, meatal erythema/tenderness, itchiness, discharge

Dysuria, prostatitis, epididymitis

36
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia in women?

A 
Pelvic inflammatory disease (40%)
Infertility (20%)
Chronic pain (18%)
Conjuctivitis
Damaged fallopian tubes (tubal pregnancy)
37
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia in men?

A

Infertility

Reiter’s syndrome: reactive arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis

38
Q

What bacterium causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

39
Q

How is gonorrhea transmitted?

A

Entry via genitals, urinary tract, eyes, oropharynx, rectum, skin
Neonates born to infected mothers (can cause blindness in neonates)

40
Q

What occurs during the secondary stage of syphilis?

A

2-6 wks after initial chancre, lasts1 wk to 6 months
Rash on palms/soles
Fever, sore throat, malaise, stomatitis, nausea, eye inflammation, arthralgias
Alopecia
Elevated lesions on genitals: highly infectious

41
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in women?

A

Sometimes asymptomatic

Women: genital or urinary discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, bleeding, fever, proctitis, uterine infection

42
Q

What are the complications of gonorrhea in males?

A

spread to prostate, epididymis
Pharyngitis if oral-genital contact
Conjunctivitis

43
Q

What are the complications of gonorrhea in females?

A

uterine infection, salpingitis (fallopian tubes), scarring, infertility
Pharyngitis if oral-genital contact
Conjunctivitis

44
Q

What can happen if gonorrhea enters the bloodstream?

A

(bacteremia): joint, heart valves, meninges

45
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

Direct contact with infectious moist lesion
Kissing/intimate contact
Skin abrasions
Mother to fetus invitro/transplacental

46
Q

What are the complications of syphilis during pregnancy?

A

Prematurity, stillbirth, congenital defects, active infection

47
Q

What occurs during the primary stage of syphilis?

A

Chancre at site of exposure (within 3 weeks, but can incubate longer)
Buttonlike papule erodes skin

48
Q

Where does a syphilis chancre appear on a male?

A

Penis or scrotum

49
Q

Where does a syphilis chancre appear on a female?

A

Cervix, vagina, sometimes external

50
Q

What occurs during the secondary stage of syphilis?

A

2-6 wks after initial chancre, lasts1 wk to 6 months
Rash on palms/soles
Fever, sore throat, malaise, stomatitis, nausea, eye inflammation, arthralgias
Alopecia
Elevated lesions on genitals: highly infectious

51
Q

What occurs during the latent phase of syphilis?

A

Symptoms resolve but still seroreactive
1 in 3 progress to this stage
Others have minimal symptoms or spontaneous cure

52
Q

What occurs during the tertiary stage of syphilis?

A

Gumma lesions:
CV: aortic valve, aortic aneurysm
CNS (neurosyphilis): dementia, blindness
Skin/Liver/Bone

53
Q

How long does the latent phase of syphilis last?

A

1-2-20 years

54
Q

What is the treatment for syphilis?

A

Penicillin

Pathophysiology II class notes (15 decks)

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