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Pathophysiology II class notes > Cardiac Condiction > Flashcards

Cardiac Condiction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Bachmann’s bundle?

A

The Bachmann’s bundle takes the impulse from the SA node (in the right atrium) over to the left atrium so that both contract at the same time.

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2
Q

What are three properties of heart cells?

A

Automaticity
Excitability
Conductivity

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3
Q

What is automaticity?

A

The ability of heart muscles to spontaneously initiate an action potential.

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4
Q

How fast does the SA node fire?

A

60-100/min

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5
Q

How fast does the AV node fire?

A

40-60/min

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6
Q

How fast do the Purkinje fibres fire?

A

20-40/min

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7
Q

What is excitability?

A

The ability of heart cells to respond to an impulse and then generate its own action potential.

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8
Q

What is conductivity?

A

The ability of heart cells to conduct impulses.

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9
Q

What is happening during the P wave on an ECG?

A

This is the depolarization wave. The action potential moves from the SA node to the AV node & over to the left atrium.

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10
Q

What is the PR interval on an ECG?

A

The impulse is moving through the AV node, Bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, and Perkinjes.

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11
Q

What is occuring during the QRS complex on an ECG?

A

The impulse is travelling through the ventricular wall.

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12
Q

What is occuring during the T wave on an ECG?

A

The ventricles are repolarizing.

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13
Q

What is a U wave on an ECG?

A

The repolarization of the Perkinjes.

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14
Q

What is sinus bradycardia?

A

A heart rate

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15
Q

What does sinus bradycardia indicate?

A

It may be normal in some people, but also may indicate ischemia (due to not enough blood pumping).

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16
Q

What is sinus tachycardia?

A

A heart rate >100

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of sinus bradycardia?

A

Signs and symtpoms of decreased perfusion.

18
Q

What does sinus tachycardia indicate?

A

Ischemia, hypoemia. (may be normal with exercise or fever)

19
Q

What are the effects of sinus tachycardia?

A

Increases myocardial workload.
Decreases coronary artery perfusion (because the coronary artery fills with blood during diastole, and the diastolic period is shortened with tachycardia.)

20
Q

What is sinus arrest?

A

Failure of SA node, usually intermittent.

21
Q

What is sick sinus syndrome?

A

SA node not working perfectly, d/t SA node injury

22
Q

What are premature atrial complexes? (PAC)

A

Early depolarization originating in the atria (not SA node). These are common.

23
Q

What is paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)?

A

120-140 beats/min

Sudden onset and cessation

24
Q

What are the causes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Ischemia (SA node)
Re-entry
(Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

25
Q

What is atrial flutter?

A

Ectopic atrial tachycardia 240-450/min

26
Q

What is the cause of atrial flutter?

A

Re-entry (impulse goes back and forth between the SA and AV nodes instead of in the normal atrium to ventricles pattern).

27
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

Chaotic depolarization of the atria with only occasional contraction.

28
Q

What are the causes of atrial fibrillation?

A

Heart failure

Myocardial infarction

29
Q

What is the effect of atrial fibrillation on cardiac output (and why)?

A

Because of poor emptying of the atria during diastole, there is poor filling of the ventricles. Therefore, cardiac output is decreased.

30
Q

What are the signs of atrial fibrillation?

A

Irregularly irregular heartbeat
Pulses will be irregular and with varying strength
Low BP
(All other systems will exhibit the Signs and Symptoms of decreased cardiac output).

31
Q

What are heart blocks?

A

AV node/Bundle of His/bundle branch issue.

32
Q

What is first degree atrioventricular block?

A

Consistent long PR interval, followed by a QRS. (People can live with this).

33
Q

What is second degree AV block?

A

The AV node isn’t working perfectly, but it still can work.

34
Q

What are the two kinds of type two AV block?

A

Mobits type 1 - Increasing PR until QRS dropped

Mobitz type 2 - Occasional dropped QRS, but the PR is stable.

35
Q

What is third degree AV block?

A

There is no electrical communication between atria and ventricles.

36
Q

How does the heart beat during third degree AV block?

A

Because there is no communication between the atria and ventricles, they beat independently of each other. (The purkinje fibres still initiate an impulse for the ventricles to contract.)

37
Q

What are premature ventricular complexes (PVC)?

A

The impulse travels the wrong way through the heart (ventricles to atrium).

38
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

Excessive ventricular electrical activity. (Non-stop PVC’s).

39
Q

What is torsades de pointes?

A

A form of ventricular tachycardia.

40
Q

What is ventricular fibrillation?

A

sdhaskldghj

The ventricles are fluttering. There is no cardiac output.

41
Q

What is asystole?

A

No cardiac activity.

Pathophysiology II class notes (15 decks)

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