Ch 40 Flashcards
Open Circulation
Hemolymph (combined body fluids and blood)
Drains into heart
Closed Circulation
Separation of body fluid and blood
Oxygenated blood movement
Heart -> arteries -> tissues
Deoxygenated Blood movement
Tissues -> veins -> heart
Fish
2-chambered heart
Gills
1 atria and 1 ventricle
Amphibians
3-chambered heart
Cutaneous skin
2 atria and 1 ventricle
Exothermic
Non-crocodilian reptiles
3-chambered heart
No gills
2 atria and 1 ventricle
Exothermic
Crocs, Birds, and Mammals
4-chambered heart
Double loop (body and lungs)
2 atria and 2 ventricles
Sinoatrial node in right atria (Starts process)
Endothermic
Atrioventricular valves
Atria -> ventricle
Tricuspid (right)
Mitral/bicuspid (left)
Electrocardiogram
P-wave
QRS complex
T-wave
P-wave
Atrial contraction and depolarization
QRS complex
(Top number of BP)
Ventricular contraction and depolarization
T-wave
(Bottom number of BP)
Ventricular relaxation and repolarization
Cardioaccelerator
Adrenaline and Norepinephrine
Raise heart rate
Cardioinhibitor
Acetylcholine
Decrease heart rate
Components of Blood
55% plasma
45% cellular (Red and white blood cells, platelets)
Blood clotting
Platelets adhere to exposed collagen
Inactive proteins are activated by clotting factors
Artery
More elastic layers
Thicker smooth muscle
Thinner connective tissue
Vein
Few elastic layers
Thin smooth muscle
Thicker connective tissue
Capillary
1 cell thick
1mm in length
Dense network of exchange
Small but numerous
