Ch 33 Flashcards
Metabolic Rates
Aerobic respiration
Rate of O2 consumption
Must account for mass
Metabolic adjustments
Hibernation (cold, endo
Topor (warm, endo)
Estibation (warm/dry, ecto)
Brummation (cold, ecto)
Ventral cavities
Thoracic and diaphragm protected by ribs
Abdominal and pelvic cavities
Dorsal cavities
Cranial cavity and Vertbral canal
Animal tissues
Epithelial
Connective (most)
Muscular
Nervous
Epithelial Tissue
Covers body, lines body cavities, forms
Basement membrane connects all of this
Epithelial glands
Exocrine secretes into duct (enzymes and HCL)
Endocrine secretes blood (hormones and signalling)
Epithelial internal function
Thin internal lining
Resp, Dig, Exc, and Circ
Secretes mucus
removes debris
Absorption (kidney/SI)
Epithelial external functions
Protect from injury, waterloss, and infection
Temp regulation
Classifications of ET
Squamous (flattened)
Cuboidal (ideal shape)
Columnar (rectangular)
Squamous
flattened
ET
- Simple (one, used in lungs or blood vessels)
- Stratified (multiple layers, in nose/mouth, esophagus)
Cuboidal
Ideal shape
ET
Simple - Kidney tubules [Absorption], Gastric pit [Secretion]
Columnar
Rectangular (nucleus near bottom)
ET
Simple - Digestive tract, uterus, small intestines [Absorption]
Pseudostratifed - all cells connected to basement membrane [removed impurities]
Transitional - allows for expansion
Connective tissue Functions
Binds organs together
Support and protection
Fills space
Produces blood cells
Stores fat
Fibroblasts (produces collagen, healing) vs Matrix {Separates cells, jellylike fluid)
Fibrous Matrix Types
Collagen - is a protein , for strength
- Reticular [thin collagen, highly branched]
- Elastic [stretchy, flexible]
Loose/Areolar Connective Tissue
Supports and binds (internal organs)
Protective covering [muscles and nerves over blood vessels]
Allows for expansion
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
Distinction [high density]
Location - Tendons and Ligaments
Function - Support, stabilization, movement
Cartilage
Dense fibrous connective tissue on smooth surfaces that helps with joint movement
Types - Hyaline (common, ex: nose) // Elastic (stretchy, ex: outer ear) // Fibrocartilage (Tension, ex: vertebral disks)
Bone
Most rigid Connective Tissue
collagen fibers with blood supply
Compact (outer layer) vs spongy (inner layer)
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclades
Osteoblasts
Bone-laying cells
Osteocytes
Trapped in spongy part of bone structure
Osteoclades
Breaks down bone
Adipose Connective Tissue
Enlarged fibroblasts
Filled with fat beneath the skin and around the heart
Insulation and storage
Reticular Connective Tissue
Support network for lymphatic tissues which control fluid build up
Blood
Sends signals
Composed of plasma, red/white blood cells, platelets
Transport and Protection
Muscular Tissue
Actin + Myosin microfilaments
Muscular contraction
Skeletal Muscle
- Attaches to tendons
- Cable-like
- Voluntary control to move body parts
Peristalisis
Involuntary control of muscular tissue which consists of a rhythmic squeezing of the digestive systems
Cardiac Muscular Tissue
Walls of heart with branching cells
Intercalated disc - connects cells end to end and promotes electrical current
Location - Heart only [Involuntary movement]
Nervous Tissue
Neurons [dendrites, axons, in brain and spinal cord]
Neuroglia - Supports neurons
Functions - Sensory input, integrate data, motor output
Homeostasis
Maintain stable internal steady state [equilibrim]
Negative feedback loop
Negative Feedback loop
Sensory cells detect temp rising
Hypothalamus induces sweat
Temp goes back down from evaporative cooling
Stimulus is removed when equilibrium is restored
Positive Feedback loop
Not as common as Neg Feed. loop
Mainly involves female examples [ovulation, lactation, childbirth]
