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Zoology > Ch 35 pt 1 > Flashcards

Ch 35 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

“nerve cells”
Specialized cels that transmit nerve impulses
(Sensory vs Motor)

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2
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

“afferent neurons” - bring something to it
Part of central nervous system

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3
Q

Motor Neurons

A

“efferent neurons” - takes something away from it
Part of central nervous system

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4
Q

Interneurons

A

Transmits signals between other neurons

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5
Q

Unipolar Neuron

A

One structure coming away from soma
(in insects only)

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6
Q

Bipolar Neuron

A

One dendrite and one axon coming off the central cell

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7
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

Most common in Central nervous system
Branching dendrites from central cell

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8
Q

Pseudopolar Neuron

A

One process branch away from central cell, but that process branched into two ways

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Receives information

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10
Q

Cell Body

A

Produces neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Axon

A

Transmits information

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12
Q

Synaptic terminal

A

Release neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulate transmission
(Helps speeds up transmitting process)

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14
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Impulse conduction
(Helps speed up the transmitting process)

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15
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Vision

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16
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Tactile (touch)
Auditory (hearing)

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17
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Olfactory (smell)
Gustatory (taste)

18
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Temperature, mostly found in hypothalamus

19
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Blood pressure

20
Q

Schwann Cells

A

In Peripheral nervous system
Housed between cell and axon
Myelinate one neurons

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

In Central nervous system
Myelinate multiple neurons

22
Q

Astrocytes

A

In Central nervous system
Structural support of synapse and forms a blood brain barrier

23
Q

Microglia (CNS) / Peripheral macrophages (PNS)

A

Recycle and repair damaged cells
“immune system” of nerves system

24
Q

Satellite glia

A

Peripheral nervous system
Nutrients and structure

25
Q

Radial glia

A

Central Nervous system
Scaffolding and guides developing neurons

26
Q

Ependymal

A

Central Nervous system
Line fluid-filled cavities and Cerebralspinal fluid homeostasis
[Clearance of waste]

27
Q

Resting Potential

A

Electrochemical gradients (High->low)
-70 mV (Linked with K+ permeability)

28
Q

Depolarize membrane

A

Make it less negative

29
Q

Polarize membrane

A

Make it more negative (But not below resting potential)

30
Q

Hyperpolarize membrane

A

Make more negative than resting potential

31
Q

Small stimulus

A

Na+ leaks in causing a slight depolarization (doesn’t open ion channels)

32
Q

Strong stimulus

A

Na+ leaks in and the threshold is reached (opens the ion channels)

33
Q

Self propagation

A

Unmyelinated axon
Influx of Na+ caused a depolarization of adjacent area
Causes a “wave” effect through axon

34
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Adds insulation (helps signal travel faster, because it skips over Schwann cells)

35
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Intercellular junctions between neurons and (other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells)
Paracrine signaling between axon and dendrites on another neuron through this

Presynaptic cell (axon to synapse)
Postsynaptic cell (synapse to cell)

35
Q

Chemical Synapse

A

No direct connection to the synaptic cleft
20-40 nm wide (very small)
Synaptic vesicles hold neurotransmitters

36
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

A substance that transmits nerve impulses across synapse
Is a chemical reaction stored in the synaptic vesicles

37
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Type of Neurotransmitter
Neuromuscular junction
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
May lead to depolarization of membrane

38
Q

y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

Important inhibitor of brain function
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
Causes hyperpolarization

39
Q

Nervous System

A

Central vs Peripheral
Peripheral - Sensory and Motor
Motor - Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)

Zoology (21 decks)

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