Ch 35 pt 1

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

“nerve cells”
Specialized cels that transmit nerve impulses
(Sensory vs Motor)

Question 2

Sensory Neurons

Answer 2

“afferent neurons” - bring something to it
Part of central nervous system

Question 3

Motor Neurons

Answer 3

“efferent neurons” - takes something away from it
Part of central nervous system

Question 4

Interneurons

Answer 4

Transmits signals between other neurons

Question 5

Unipolar Neuron

Answer 5

One structure coming away from soma
(in insects only)

Question 6

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 6

One dendrite and one axon coming off the central cell

Question 7

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 7

Most common in Central nervous system
Branching dendrites from central cell

Question 8

Pseudopolar Neuron

Answer 8

One process branch away from central cell, but that process branched into two ways

Question 9

Dendrites

Answer 9

Receives information

Question 10

Cell Body

Answer 10

Produces neurotransmitters

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

Transmits information

Question 12

Synaptic terminal

Answer 12

Release neurotransmitters

Question 13

Myelin Sheath

Answer 13

Insulate transmission
(Helps speeds up transmitting process)

Question 14

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 14

Impulse conduction
(Helps speed up the transmitting process)

Question 15

Photoreceptors

Answer 15

Vision

Question 16

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 16

Tactile (touch)
Auditory (hearing)

Question 17

Chemoreceptors

Answer 17

Olfactory (smell)
Gustatory (taste)

Question 18

Thermoreceptors

Answer 18

Temperature, mostly found in hypothalamus

Question 19

Baroreceptors

Answer 19

Blood pressure

Question 20

Schwann Cells

Answer 20

In Peripheral nervous system
Housed between cell and axon
Myelinate one neurons

Question 21

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

In Central nervous system
Myelinate multiple neurons

Question 22

Astrocytes

Answer 22

In Central nervous system
Structural support of synapse and forms a blood brain barrier

Question 23

Microglia (CNS) / Peripheral macrophages (PNS)

Answer 23

Recycle and repair damaged cells
“immune system” of nerves system

Question 24

Satellite glia

Answer 24

Peripheral nervous system
Nutrients and structure

Question 25

Radial glia

Answer 25

Central Nervous system Scaffolding and guides developing neurons

Question 26

Ependymal

Answer 26

Central Nervous system Line fluid-filled cavities and Cerebralspinal fluid homeostasis [Clearance of waste]

Question 27

Resting Potential

Answer 27

Electrochemical gradients (High->low) -70 mV (Linked with K+ permeability)

Question 28

Depolarize membrane

Answer 28

Make it less negative

Question 29

Polarize membrane

Answer 29

Make it more negative (But not below resting potential)

Question 30

Hyperpolarize membrane

Answer 30

Make more negative than resting potential

Question 31

Small stimulus

Answer 31

Na+ leaks in causing a slight depolarization (doesn't open ion channels)

Question 32

Strong stimulus

Answer 32

Na+ leaks in and the threshold is reached (opens the ion channels)

Question 33

Self propagation

Answer 33

Unmyelinated axon Influx of Na+ caused a depolarization of adjacent area Causes a "wave" effect through axon

Question 34

Saltatory Conduction

Answer 34

Adds insulation (helps signal travel faster, because it skips over Schwann cells)

Question 35

Synaptic cleft

Answer 35

Intercellular junctions between neurons and (other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells) Paracrine signaling between axon and dendrites on another neuron through this Presynaptic cell (axon to synapse) Postsynaptic cell (synapse to cell)

Question 35

Chemical Synapse

Answer 35

No direct connection to the synaptic cleft 20-40 nm wide (very small) Synaptic vesicles hold neurotransmitters

Question 36

Neurotransmitters

Answer 36

A substance that transmits nerve impulses across synapse Is a chemical reaction stored in the synaptic vesicles

Question 37

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 37

Type of Neurotransmitter Neuromuscular junction Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential May lead to depolarization of membrane

Question 38

y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 38

Important inhibitor of brain function Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential Causes hyperpolarization

Question 39

Nervous System

Answer 39

Central vs Peripheral Peripheral - Sensory and Motor Motor - Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)