Ch. 4 Psychopharm 1 - Intro

Question 1

What are the five major classes of psychiatric medications?

Answer 1

+ Antipsychotics
+ mood stabilizers
+ anti-depressants
+ anti-anxiety & sedative/hypnotics
+ stimulants

Question 2

What are antipsychotics used for?

Answer 2

Schizophrenia

Question 3

What are mood stabilizers used for?

Answer 3

+ Bipolar disorder
+ Anti-mania
+ Some mood stabilizers are antiepileptic drugs
++ calcium channel blockers, adrenergic, blocking agents, and atypical antipsychotics can produce mood stabilization

Question 4

What are anti-depressants used for

Answer 4

+ Mainly depression
+ anxiety, OCD, eating disorders, fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, enuresis (kids)

Question 5

What are anti-anxiety drugs (Anxiolytics) used for?

Answer 5

+ acute anxiety
+ sedation/muscle relaxant
+ seizures
+ alcohol withdrawal

Question 6

What are stimulant drugs used for?

Answer 6

+ ADHD
+ narcolepsy

Question 7

Anticholinergic effects

Answer 7

Cholinergic receptors are blocked, causing:
+ dry mouth
+ urinary retention
+ increased heart rate
+ raised BP

Question 8

What is the most dangerous or worst side effect of anticholinergic affect

Answer 8

Urinary retention!
+ Monitor for UTI

Question 9

What are some anti-adrenergic effects for medication’s?

Answer 9

+ Low blood pressure (orthostatic HP)
+ low heart rate (brady)
+ central nervous system effects: sedation, depression, sexual problems

Most prominent among undesirable side effects are the central nervous system findings of sedation, altered thought process, depression, and orthostatic or exercise hypotension. Sexual problems, especially in men, are also prominent

Question 10

Anti-muscarinic drug that inhibits action of acetylcholine

Answer 10

Atropine

Question 11

Which mental illness is created by excess dopamine and serotonin

Answer 11

Schizophrenia

Question 12

Which mental illness results from a deficiency of serotonin and norepinephrine

Answer 12

Depression

Question 13

Which mental illness results from low GABA? What happens when GABA is enhanced/potentiated

Answer 13

+ anxiety
+ anxiety is reduced

Question 14

What is the effect of gabba as a neurotransmitter?

Answer 14

Anxiety is calmed. GABA is “inhibitory” so has calming affect on mental processes

Question 15

Which mental illness results from a deficiency of acetylcholine and high amount of glutamate

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s

Question 16

Purpose of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

+ Communication between brain and rest of the body
+ homeostasis
+ links emotional changes to physical changes 

Question 17

Which deficient Neuro transmitters lead to depression

Answer 17

Serotonin and norepinephrine (some dopamine - MAOIs)

Question 18

Which Neuro transmitters in excess cause schizophrenia

Answer 18

Dopamine and serotonin

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter reduces anxiety

Answer 19

GABA

Question 20

Which Neuro transmitters affect Alzheimer’s? Are they low or high?

Answer 20

+ Deficient, acetyl choline
+ excess glutamate

Question 21

What are the four dopamine pathways?

Answer 21

+ Mesolimbic
+ meso cortical
+ Nigrostriatal
+ tuberinfundibular

Question 22

Which pathway is responsible for positive symptoms of

Answer 22

Mesolimbic

Question 23

Which pathway is responsible for negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 23

Meso cortical

Question 24

Which pathway is associated with extrapyramidal side effects – EPS

Answer 24

Nigrostriatal

Question 25

Which pathway is responsible for prolactin and hyperprolactinemia

Answer 25

Tuberinfundibular

Question 26

What are the extra pyramidal side effects?

Answer 26

+ Dystonia
+ akathisia
+ parkinsonism
+ tardive dyskinesia

Question 27

What does the term psychotic mean

Answer 27

Loss of contact with reality

Question 28

What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?

Answer 28

+ Hallucinations are external manifestations of sensory experiences – auditory, visual, tactile
+ delusions are false fixed believes in the brain - delusions: grandiose, somatic, paranoid

Question 29

Mental health diseases that can have hallucinations and delusions

Answer 29

+ Schizophrenia
+ psychosis
+ depression
+ mania
+ Alzheimer’s disease
+ drug induced

Question 30

What are antipsychotic drugs used for?

Answer 30

+ ANY mental diseases that manifest with hallucinations and delusions: schizophrenia, bipolar 1, depression
+ agitation