Ch. 4

Question 1

ethical dilemma

Answer 1

the quandary people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group even though doing so might go against their self interest

Question 2

ethics

Answer 2

the inner guiding principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave

Question 3

stakeholders

Answer 3

the people and groups that supply a company with its proactive resources and so have a claim on and a stake in the company

Question 4

utilitarian rule

Answer 4

an ethical decision that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 5

moral rights rule

Answer 5

an ethical decision is one that best maintains and privileges the fundamental or inalienable rights and privileges of the people affected by it

Question 6

societal ethics

Answer 6

standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another in matter involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and the rights of the individual

Question 7

occupational ethics

Answer 7

standards that govern now members of a profession, trade, or craft should conduct themselves when performing work-related activities

Question 8

individual ethics

Answer 8

personal standards and values that determine how people view their responsibilities to others and how they should act in situations when their own self-interests are at stake

Question 9

organizational ethics

Answer 9

the guiding practices and beliefs through which a particular company and its managers view their responsibility toward their stakeholders

Question 10

social responsibility

Answer 10

the way a company’s managers and employees view their duty or obligation to make decisions that protect, enhance, and promote the welfare and well-being of stakeholders and society as a whole

Question 11

obstructional approach

Answer 11

companies and their managers choose not to behave in a socially responsive way and instead behave unethically and illegally

Question 12

defensive approach

Answer 12

companies and their managers behave ethically to the degree that they stay within the law and strictly abide by legal requirements

Question 13

accommodative approach

Answer 13

companies and their managers behave legally and ethically and try to balance the interests of different stakeholders as the need arises

Question 14

proactive approach

Answer 14

companies and their managers actively embrace socially responsible behavior, going out of their way to learn about the needs of different stakeholder groups and using organizational resources to promote the interests of all stake holders

Question 15

ethics ombudsperson

Answer 15

a manager responsible for communicating and teaching ethical standards to all employees and monitoring their conformity to those standards