Ch. 2 The Evolution of Management Thought Flashcards
What is behavioral management?
the study of how managers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievements of org. goals
What principle did Mary Follet contribute to management?
“authority should go with knowledge…whether is is up the line or down” if workers have the relevant knowledge then workers rather than managers should be in control of the work process itself. managers should work as coaches and facilitators rather than as monitors and supervisors
What were the Hawthorn studies?
studied the effect of lighting and environment on the productivity of workers
What is the Hawthorn effect?
the finding that managers behavior or leadership approach can affect workers level of performance
What is the human relations movement?
a management approach that advocates the idea that supervisors should receive behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity
What are ratebusters?
workers who perform above the norm
What are chiselers?
workers who perform under the norm
Are ratebusters and chiselers good for groups?
both threaten the group. ratebusters reveal how quickly the work can be done and chiselers are looked down upon by other members of the group
What is an informal organization?
the systems of behavioral rules and norms that emerge in a group
What is organizational behavior?
the study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations
What is Theory X?
negative assumptions about the average worker that leads to the conclusion that a manager must supervise workers closely
What are the characteristics of a Theory X worker?
lazy, dillies work, will try to do as little as possible
What is Theory Y?
positive assumptions about workers that leads to the conclusion that manager is to create a work setting that encourages committee goals and provides opportunities for workers to be imaginative and exercise initiative and self direction
What are the characteristics of a Theory Y worker?
not inherently lazy, employees will do what is good for the organization
What is job specialization?
the process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in different tasks over time
