Ch. 13 Flashcards
motivation
psychological forces that determine the direction of a persons behavior in an org, a persons level of effort, and a persons level of persistence
intrinsically motivated behavior
behavior that is performed for its own sake
extrinsically motivated behavior
behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment
prosocially motivated behavior
behavior that is performed to benefit or help others
expectancy theory
the theory that motivation will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to attainment of desired outcomes
expectancy
in expectancy theory, a perception about the extent to which effort results in a certain level of performance
need
a requirement or necessity for survival and well being
need theories
theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs
maslows hierarchy of needs
an arrangement of five basic needs that motivate behavior, the lowest level of unmet needs is the prime motivator and that only one level of needs is motivated at a time
self-actualization needs
the needs to realize one’s full potential as a human being
esteem needs
the needs to feel good about one-self and ones capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation
belongingness needs
needs for social interaction, friendship, affection, and love
safety needs
needs for security, stability, and a safe environment
physiological needs
basic needs for things such as food, water and shelter that must be met in order for a person to survive
herzbergs motivator-hyegiene theory
a need theory that distinguishes between motivator needs (related to the nature of the work itself) and hygiene needs (related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed) and processes that motivator needs must be met for motivation and job satisfaction to be high
equity theory
a theory of motivation that focuses on peoples perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work incomes
equity
the justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all org members are entitled
goal setting theory
a theory that focuses on identifying the types of goals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and explaining why goals have these effects
operant conditioning theory
the theory that people learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences
social learning theory
a theory that takes into account how learning and motivation are influenced by peoples thoughts and beliefs and their observations of other people’s behavior
instrumentality
a persons perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of outcome
valence
how desirable each of the outcome available from a job or org is to a person
