Ch. 13

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

psychological forces that determine the direction of a persons behavior in an org, a persons level of effort, and a persons level of persistence

Question 2

intrinsically motivated behavior

Answer 2

behavior that is performed for its own sake

Question 3

extrinsically motivated behavior

Answer 3

behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment

Question 4

prosocially motivated behavior

Answer 4

behavior that is performed to benefit or help others

Question 5

expectancy theory

Answer 5

the theory that motivation will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to attainment of desired outcomes

Question 6

expectancy

Answer 6

in expectancy theory, a perception about the extent to which effort results in a certain level of performance

Question 7

need

Answer 7

a requirement or necessity for survival and well being

Question 8

need theories

Answer 8

theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs

Question 9

maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

an arrangement of five basic needs that motivate behavior, the lowest level of unmet needs is the prime motivator and that only one level of needs is motivated at a time

Question 10

self-actualization needs

Answer 10

the needs to realize one’s full potential as a human being

Question 11

esteem needs

Answer 11

the needs to feel good about one-self and ones capabilities, to be respected by others, and to receive recognition and appreciation

Question 12

belongingness needs

Answer 12

needs for social interaction, friendship, affection, and love

Question 13

safety needs

Answer 13

needs for security, stability, and a safe environment

Question 14

physiological needs

Answer 14

basic needs for things such as food, water and shelter that must be met in order for a person to survive

Question 15

herzbergs motivator-hyegiene theory

Answer 15

a need theory that distinguishes between motivator needs (related to the nature of the work itself) and hygiene needs (related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed) and processes that motivator needs must be met for motivation and job satisfaction to be high

Question 16

equity theory

Answer 16

a theory of motivation that focuses on peoples perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work incomes

Question 17

equity

Answer 17

the justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all org members are entitled

Question 18

goal setting theory

Answer 18

a theory that focuses on identifying the types of goals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and explaining why goals have these effects

Question 19

operant conditioning theory

Answer 19

the theory that people learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences

Question 20

social learning theory

Answer 20

a theory that takes into account how learning and motivation are influenced by peoples thoughts and beliefs and their observations of other people’s behavior

Question 21

instrumentality

Answer 21

a persons perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of outcome

Question 22

valence

Answer 22

how desirable each of the outcome available from a job or org is to a person