ch 4 Flashcards
what stabilizes unstable water that decreases in temperature then increase going down the ocean- salinity is the same
the in situ temperature when replaced with the theoretical temperature makes sense
in situ is actual
theoretical temp is the temp the water would have if we brought it to the surface
unstable bc more dense water on top
adiabatically meaninig
no exchange of heat
what are the SI units for pressure
pascal
N/m2
kg/ms2
bar
atm
mmHg
how is density affected by inc temp
decerases
how is density affected by salinity
increases
how is density affected by pressure
increases SLOWLY bc of the hydrogen bonds that prevent the water from being compact too much
what is formula for density
mass over volume
what is Qt
Q-1000
what is the temperature of oceans in the west vs east of land
deflection by current!!!!
west poleward is warmer
east equatorial colder
how do ocean isotherms trend
latitudinally- east to west
tropical, temperate, versus polar thermoclines
tropical- permanent thermocline
temperature- seasonal thermocline
polar- no thermocline
what is oceanic microstructure
in 0.2-30 m if you use precise measuring devices that give continuous info
fine scale features
how far does wind mixing reach
300 m
below what depth is temp constant
1000 m
what causes daily temporation variations in insolation versus seasonal changes
daily- rotation of earth
seasonal- tilt of earth and revolution
insolation
how much suns heat reaches earth
albedo
how much radiation is reflected by the earth
ice and snow reflects more
higher angel of sun hitting earth spreads it out more and may lead to more reflection
At low latitudes solar radiation:
1) Is spread over a smaller
surface area (watts m-2).
2) Passes through a smaller
thickness of atmosphere.
3) Is reflected less from the
earth’s surface – smaller albedo
where is the salinity at a max
20-30 degrees
E>P
above and below this, P>E
where is there the highest stratification in the halocline
40-40 degrees
what does CTD stand for
conductivity
temperature
depth
how do we measure chlorinity
see how many chloride ions are percipitated from Ag+ in 1Kg
how to get salinity from chloriniy
multiply by 1.81
