ch 4

Question 1

what stabilizes unstable water that decreases in temperature then increase going down the ocean- salinity is the same

Answer 1

the in situ temperature when replaced with the theoretical temperature makes sense

in situ is actual

theoretical temp is the temp the water would have if we brought it to the surface

unstable bc more dense water on top

Question 2

adiabatically meaninig

Answer 2

no exchange of heat

Question 3

what are the SI units for pressure

Answer 3

pascal

N/m2

kg/ms2

bar

atm

mmHg

Question 4

how is density affected by inc temp

Answer 4

decerases

Question 5

how is density affected by salinity

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

how is density affected by pressure

Answer 6

increases SLOWLY bc of the hydrogen bonds that prevent the water from being compact too much

Question 7

what is formula for density

Answer 7

mass over volume

Question 8

what is Qt

Answer 8

Q-1000

Question 9

what is the temperature of oceans in the west vs east of land

Answer 9

deflection by current!!!!

west poleward is warmer

east equatorial colder

Question 10

how do ocean isotherms trend

Answer 10

latitudinally- east to west

Question 11

tropical, temperate, versus polar thermoclines

Answer 11

tropical- permanent thermocline

temperature- seasonal thermocline

polar- no thermocline

Question 12

what is oceanic microstructure

Answer 12

in 0.2-30 m if you use precise measuring devices that give continuous info

fine scale features

Question 13

how far does wind mixing reach

Answer 13

300 m

Question 14

below what depth is temp constant

Answer 14

1000 m

Question 15

what causes daily temporation variations in insolation versus seasonal changes

Answer 15

daily- rotation of earth

seasonal- tilt of earth and revolution

Question 16

insolation

Answer 16

how much suns heat reaches earth

Question 17

albedo

Answer 17

how much radiation is reflected by the earth

ice and snow reflects more

higher angel of sun hitting earth spreads it out more and may lead to more reflection

Question 18

At low latitudes solar radiation:

Answer 18

1) Is spread over a smaller
surface area (watts m-2).

2) Passes through a smaller
thickness of atmosphere.

3) Is reflected less from the
earth’s surface – smaller albedo

Question 19

where is the salinity at a max

Answer 19

20-30 degrees

E>P

above and below this, P>E

Question 20

where is there the highest stratification in the halocline

Answer 20

40-40 degrees

Question 21

what does CTD stand for

Answer 21

conductivity

temperature

depth

Question 22

how do we measure chlorinity

Answer 22

see how many chloride ions are percipitated from Ag+ in 1Kg

Question 23

how to get salinity from chloriniy

Answer 23

multiply by 1.81