ch 2 Flashcards
how are the molecules in water in the three different phases connected
solid- tightly bonded to each other- ordered
gas- freely moving indipendently
liquid- move relative to one another
mean salt content of ocean
34.72
mean temperatuer of the ocean
3.52 degrees
what are some qualities of water that you forget
vast- 97.4% of water
full of life and essential constituent for life forms and good solvent for nutrients
never still- highly mobile
state of water vapour
gas
what are clouds and fog
condensed water vapour
at what temperature does freshwater and sea ice form
sea -2
fresh 0
what is the temp of max density for fresh and salt water
fresh 4 below it forms proto ice crystals that decrease the density
salt -4
density of ice
0.91 of freshwater
bonds bw O and H
covalent but unequal- produce positive and negaitve ends that participate in H bonds
what are the unusual properties of water due to H bonds
less dense
insulating- empty space due honeycomb cells
high melting/freezing Temp and latent heat of melting
high specific heat
high boiling/ condensation
max density of fresh water
high surface tension
low compressibility
how is a higher heat capcity shown in a temperature and calories/gram graph
steeper slopes = higher heat capacity
what does a flat part of the temperature and calories/gram graph mean
no temperature change, all energy is going towards changing phases
melting and boiling
thats hwy melting ice cube will keep drink at 0 degrees
what is a benifit of waters assymetric charges
gives water high dissolving power over crystals made up of ions
list 4 unusual physical properties of water and thier benifits
highest surface tension of all liquids
- important in cloud formation
highest specific heat capacity of all liquids except NH3
-prevents dramatic changes in temperature in the atmosphere
highest latent heat of evaporation- highest in all substances
-important in water and heat transfer in atmosphere
highest conduction of heat in all liquids
- important in small scales like cells and also turbulent diffusion
how much light is absorbed in the first meter of water
how much makes it to 100 m
65%
1%
what wave lengths are absorbed in water
red- long first
blue- short last
what does the amount of light entering the ocean depths depend on
the height of sun
smoothness of ocean surface
turbid coastal waters colour
yellow-green
red absorbed first
blue absorbed by algae
open ocean colour and explanaion
blue
red and long wavelengths abosrbed first - dont reflect back to you
blue is back scattered
what does the speed of sound affected by in ocean
increases with pressure
increaeses with inc temp
sound min in ocean
sofar channel
sound refracted and prevented from dissipation and travels thousands of km important in earthquake listening stations and whale communication
why does salt decrease T of max density and freezing point
disrupts dendency of water molecules to form ordered groups
osmotic pressure and salinty
inc with salinity
vapour pressure and salinity
decreases with salinity
freezing point and max density and salinity
decreases with salinity
