Ch 3.5 What Are The Reproductive Technologies In Agriculture? Flashcards
What is artificial vegetative reproduction?
Its the asexual reproduction of plants to make clones
Growers take plant cuttings with desirable traits and grow new plants from the cuttings
“Fake” reproduction happens in bottles or petri dishes with plant cells from a desirable plant. They are planted in soil when the seedlings grow roots
What is selective breeding? Give an example
Most commonly used reproductive technique
Its when two plants or two animals of one species that have desired traits are bred with each others
The breeder chooses the offspring that show the wanted traits of the parents and breeds them with other individuals with the same traits
All the offspring will have the desired traits after several generations of selective breeding
Ex. Canola plants are used for making cooking oil of good quality
What is artificial insemination? What is it used for? Give an example.
Its when a veterinarian collects sperm from a male animal and inserts the sperm into a female animal of the same species
It is used a lot in agriculture to breed domestic animals with desirable traits
Dairy cows are conceived and in zoos to keep/increase the population of endangered species
What is in vitro fertilization? Where does it happen?
A process that builds on artificial insemination
The sperm and several mature eggs are collected from male and female animals with desired traits and fertilization happens in a lab in a petri dish
The embryos are inserted into many different female cows
Why do fish hatcheries use reproductive technology? Give an example.
To make sure there is a higher rate of survival in wild fish populations
Ex. Wild salmon eggs and sperm are collected and mixed together in a container
What is recombinant DNA technology? Give an example.
It involves combining genes from different individuals or different species into a single molecule of DNA
Companies make certain traits in organisms or to make substances from organisms
Human growth hormones are used to treat some forms of dwarfism, and they are usually extracted from pituitary glands of dead people
What are GMOs?
Organisms with genes that have been changed on purpose
What are 3 reasons for many food crops to be genetically modified?
- To resist spoilage or disease
- Delay ripening
- Improve their nutritional content
What are the concerns about eating foods made from GMO’s?
It may pose a risk to humans who eat them because they have genes from another species
What is grafting?
Involves attaching a branch from a desirable tree that may have excellent roots but poor fruit
