Ch 3.1 Meiosis Flashcards
What are the 2 types of cells that multicellular organisms have?
Somatic cells (body cell) Sex cells (gametes)
What is mitosis?
When one parent cell makes 2 identical daughter cells(cell division)
How are somatic cells made?
Cell divison
What are somatic cells? How many chromosomes do they have?
Body cells, they make up the vast majority of an organisms cells. They have 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes do gametes have? Give an example.
Half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell
A human gamete has 23 chromosomes
What are the two kinds of gametes?
Male gametes are called sperm
Female gametes are called eggs/ova
They make up a very tiny fraction of an organisms cells
What is meiosis?
The process that makes gametes which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent
Where does meiosis happen?
In reproductive cells,only in the cells that make gametes
What is haploid? Symbol? Give an example.
Cells with half the chromosomes number of the parent
N
Fruit fly gametes have four chromosomes
What is diploid? Symbol? Give an example.
Cells with a complete set of chromosomes
2n
Fruit fly somatic cells have 8 chromosomes
What are homologous chromosomes?give an example
Diploid somatic cells have their chromosomes arranged in corresponding pairs (homologous chromosomes)
In a fruit fly with 8 chromosomes, 4 chromosomes come from the male parent and 4 chromosomes come from the female parent
What are the 2 phases of meiosis?
Meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
During meiosis 1 what 2 stages are similar to mitosis?
Interphase and prophase
What 2 stages are different in mitosis during meiosis 1?
In metaphase the homologous chromosomes pair up along the equator instead of forming a line
In anaphase the pair of homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles along with their sister chromatids
The sisters do not separate
How many daughter cells are made at the end of meiosis 2?
Four
