Ch 3.3 What Are The Methods Of Sexual Reproduction? Flashcards
How does bacteria, e coli, reproduce sexually?
One of the bacteria cells copies an extra piece of its DNA, called a plasmid and donates the plasmid copy to another bacteria cell thru a mating bridge
What is conjugation? Where does it happen?
When 2 unicellular organisms transfer or exchange some of their genetic material
In some bacteria and certain protists such as paramecium
How do the two bacteria cells that conjugated make more offspring?
They reproduce asexually by binary fission
How do some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
First, conjugation increases bacteria to be more diverse then the bacteria survive antibiotics and pass on their resistance to their offspring
What is a hermaphrodite?
An organism that makes both male and female sex cells in the same individual
They can mate with any other member of their species to make offspring
What is an example of an hermaphrodite?
Earthworms make both eggs and sperm but they cannot fertilize their own eggs
How do 2 earthworms reproduce sexually?
They attach, exchange sperm and then separate
Both parent worms can make offspring
Why are sponges and barnacles aquatic hermaphrodites?
Because they are fixed to one location for most of their lives
They do not fertilize their own eggs so they will not make identical offspring
They make sperm and eggs at different times
How do sponges reproduce sexually?
The sperm are released into the water and are carried by water movement to other sponges
The sperm enters the sponges central cavity through tiny pores and fertilization happens inside the sponge
The baby sponges are called larvae and are able to move and are released into the water
The larvae swims to other places, anchor themselves to the bottom, and grow
Why are most flowers hermaphrodites?
They have both male and female reproductive organs
What is the male reproductive structure?
The stamen which is made of the filament, a stalk that supports the anther, which makes pollen
What is pollen?
They contain male gametes
What is the female reproductive structure?
The pistil: the sigma is at the top of the pistil which receives the pollen grain, which will move down the style to the ovary where the eggs are held
Why are petals important for surrounding male and female parts of a flower?
Because the coloured petals attract organisms that pollinate flowers
What are sepals?
Tiny leaf like parts that protect the flower while it is in the bud stage
