Ch. 31 Hematologic Problems (Unit 3) Flashcards
Anemia
A deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (RBCs), the quantity or quality of hemoglobin, and/ or the volume of packed RBCs (Hematocrit)
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
A malignant disorder of blood-forming tissues characterized by a proliferation of immature white blood cells. ALL is not infectious, nor is it inflammatory or characterized as a solid tumor of the lymph nodes. ALL does involve proliferation of white blood cells, not red blood cells.
A patient with thrombocytopenia has a very low ___ ___ and an impaired ____ ____.
Platelet count; clotting mechanism.
Any injury, even a minor one, could cause spontaneous hemorrhage, internally or externally.
Iron-deficiency anemia
May develop as a result of inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, blood loss, or hemolysis.
Mild anemia range:
10-12 g/dL
Severe anemia range
Less than 5g/dL
Moderate anemia range
6-10 g/dL
Hemoglobin above 12 g/dL is considered
Normal (no anemia)
Integumentary changes in patients with anemia:
Pallor, jaundice, and pruritus
Pallor results from
reduced amounts of hemoglobin and reduced blood flow to the skin
Jaundice occurs when
hemolysis of RBCs results in an increased concentration of serum bilirubin
Pruritus occurs because of
increased serum and skin bile salt concentrations.
The sclera of the eyes and mucous membranes should be evaluated for
jaundice because they reflect the integumentary changes more accurately, especially in dark skinned individuals
Acute interventions for anemia include
blood or blood product transfusions, drug therapy, volume replacement, and O2 therapy to stabilized the patient
Clinical manifestations of anemia in older adults include:
Pallor, confusion, ataxia, fatigue, worsening angina, and heart failure.
A major cause of iron deficiency in adults is
blood loss
Melena
Loss of 50 to 75 mL of blood from the upper GI tract that causes stools to appear black
Common causes of GI blood loss:
Peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticuli, hemorrhoids, and neoplasia
GU blood loss occurs primarily from
menstrual bleeding
In the early course of iron-deficiency anemia
the patient may not have any symptoms
Clinical manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia include:
Pallor, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilitis (inflammation of the lips), headache, paresthesias, and a burning sensation of the tongue
Group 0 blood type
Can donate red blood cells to anybody. It is the universal donor.
Group A blood type
Can donate red blood cells to As and ABs
Group B blood type
Can donate red blood cells to Bs and ABs
Group AB blood type
Can donate to other ABs, but can receive from all others
