Ch. 31 Hematologic Problems (Unit 3)

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

A deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (RBCs), the quantity or quality of hemoglobin, and/ or the volume of packed RBCs (Hematocrit)

Question 2

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Answer 2

A malignant disorder of blood-forming tissues characterized by a proliferation of immature white blood cells. ALL is not infectious, nor is it inflammatory or characterized as a solid tumor of the lymph nodes. ALL does involve proliferation of white blood cells, not red blood cells.

Question 3

A patient with thrombocytopenia has a very low ___ ___ and an impaired ____ ____.

Answer 3

Platelet count; clotting mechanism.

Any injury, even a minor one, could cause spontaneous hemorrhage, internally or externally.

Question 4

Iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 4

May develop as a result of inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, blood loss, or hemolysis.

Question 5

Mild anemia range:

Answer 5

10-12 g/dL

Question 6

Severe anemia range

Answer 6

Less than 5g/dL

Question 7

Moderate anemia range

Answer 7

6-10 g/dL

Question 8

Hemoglobin above 12 g/dL is considered

Answer 8

Normal (no anemia)

Question 9

Integumentary changes in patients with anemia:

Answer 9

Pallor, jaundice, and pruritus

Question 10

Pallor results from

Answer 10

reduced amounts of hemoglobin and reduced blood flow to the skin

Question 11

Jaundice occurs when

Answer 11

hemolysis of RBCs results in an increased concentration of serum bilirubin

Question 12

Pruritus occurs because of

Answer 12

increased serum and skin bile salt concentrations.

Question 13

The sclera of the eyes and mucous membranes should be evaluated for

Answer 13

jaundice because they reflect the integumentary changes more accurately, especially in dark skinned individuals

Question 14

Acute interventions for anemia include

Answer 14

blood or blood product transfusions, drug therapy, volume replacement, and O2 therapy to stabilized the patient

Question 15

Clinical manifestations of anemia in older adults include:

Answer 15

Pallor, confusion, ataxia, fatigue, worsening angina, and heart failure.

Question 16

A major cause of iron deficiency in adults is

Answer 16

blood loss

Question 17

Melena

Answer 17

Loss of 50 to 75 mL of blood from the upper GI tract that causes stools to appear black

Question 18

Common causes of GI blood loss:

Answer 18

Peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticuli, hemorrhoids, and neoplasia

Question 19

GU blood loss occurs primarily from

Answer 19

menstrual bleeding

Question 20

In the early course of iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 20

the patient may not have any symptoms

Question 21

Clinical manifestations of iron-deficiency anemia include:

Answer 21

Pallor, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilitis (inflammation of the lips), headache, paresthesias, and a burning sensation of the tongue

Question 22

Group 0 blood type

Answer 22

Can donate red blood cells to anybody. It is the universal donor.

Question 23

Group A blood type

Answer 23

Can donate red blood cells to As and ABs

Question 24

Group B blood type

Answer 24

Can donate red blood cells to Bs and ABs

Question 25

Group AB blood type

Answer 25

Can donate to other ABs, but can receive from all others