Ch. 14 Altered Immune Responses and Transplantation (Unit 3)

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

The body’s ability to resist disease.

Question 2

Immune responses serve the following 3 functions:

Answer 2

1) Defense: The body protects against invasions by micro-organisms and prevents the development of infection by attacking foreign antigens and pathogens.
2) Homeostasis: Damaged cellular substances are digested and removed.
3) Surveillance: Mutations continually arise in the body but are normally recognized as foreign cells and destroyed

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

A substance that elicits an immune response. Most antigens are composed of protein.

Question 4

All of the body’s cells have ___ on their surface that are unique to that person and enable the body to recognize itself.

Answer 4

Antigens

Question 5

Innate Immunity

Answer 5

Present at birth, and its primary role is first-line defense against pathogens.

Question 6

Innate immunity is not ___ ___ so it can respond within minutes to an invading microorganism without prior exposure to that organism

Answer 6

Antigen specific

Question 7

Acquired Immunity

Answer 7

The development of immunity, either actively or passively

Question 8

Active Acquired Immunity

Answer 8

Results from the invasion of the body by foreign substances such as microorganisms and subsequent development of antibodies and sensitized lymphocytes.

May result naturally from a disease or artificially through immunization with a less virulent antigen

Question 9

In active acquired immunity, because antibodies are synthesized, immunity takes _____ to develop but is ___ ____

Answer 9

time; long lasting

Question 10

Passive acquired immunity

Answer 10

Host receives antibodies to an antigen rather than synthesizing them.

May take place naturally through the transfer of immunoglobulin across the placental membrane from mother to fetus.

Question 11

Natural Active Acquired Immunity

Answer 11

Natural contact with antigen through clinical infection (e.g., recovery form chickenpox, measles, mumps)

Question 12

Artificial Active Acquired Immunity

Answer 12

Immunization with antigen (e.g. immunization with live or killed vaccines)

Question 13

Natural Passive Acquired Immunity

Answer 13

Transplacental and colostrum transfer form mother to child (e.g., maternal immunoglobulins in neonates)

Question 14

Artificial Passive Acquired Immunity

Answer 14

Injection of serum from immune human (e.g., infection of human gamma globulin)