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Josiah's Flashcards > Ch 3 Pt II - Our Fascinating Earth Vocabulary > Flashcards

Ch 3 Pt II - Our Fascinating Earth Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rock?

A

hard material that composes the earth’s crust

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2
Q

What are minerals?

A

the individual substances that make up rocks

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3
Q

What is a fossil?

A

any trace left in rock by a plant or animal

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4
Q

What are gemstones?

A

small deposits or igneous and metamorphic crystals in rock

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5
Q

What are precious stones?

A

the rarest, most durable and beautiful gems

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6
Q

What is ore?

A

a rock containing a metal together with impurities

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7
Q

What is fossil fuel?

A

a fuel derived from the remains of once-living things; coal and petroleum are fossil fuels

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8
Q

What is petroleum?

A

a fossil fuel that may have been formed from the remains of once-living creatures; means “rock oil”

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9
Q

What is hydrocarbon?

A

a chemical substance made primarily of hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

What is a cave?

A

any hollow space in the earth’s crust that has formed naturally and is large enough for a person to enter

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11
Q

What is a sea cave?

A

a cave formed when the ocean erodes a weak area of a cliff

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12
Q

What is a lava cave?

A

a cave formed when molten lava flows beneath a hardened surface of lava and leaves behind an underground chamber

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13
Q

What is a solution cave?

A

a cave formed by the dissolving of underground rocks by water

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14
Q

What is magnetism?

A

the force that pulls magnets apart or pushes them together

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15
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

the area surrounding a magnet in which the force of magnetism affects other objects

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16
Q

What are magnetic poles?

A

the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic field is most concentrated

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17
Q

What is an electromagnet?

A

a magnet that becomes magnetized only when it is hooked to a battery or some other source of electric current

18
Q

What is the magnetosphere?

A

the region of space affected by the earth’s magnetic field

19
Q

What is solar wind?

A

a stream of potentially harmful particles that flows constantly from the surface of the sun

20
Q

What are auroras?

A

displays of light that occur when solar wind particles collide with molecules of air in the earth’s atmosphere

21
Q

What is igneous rock?

A

rock formed when molten rock solidifies either above or below the ground

22
Q

What is sedimentary rock?

A

rock formed from sediments that have been pressed together to form rock

23
Q

What is limestone?

A

the most common type of organic sedimentary rock, made from calcium carbonate

24
Q

What is coal?

A

a useful fuel, commonly found in sedimentary rock, that comes from decayed plants and is used for heating, industrial purposes, and generating electricity

25
Q

What is metamorphic rock?

A

rock produced by metamorphism of an igneous or sedimentary rock

26
Q

What is diamond?

A

a hard, crystalline form of carbon that is the hardest of all known minerals

27
Q

What is iron?

A

a practical metal that is strong and abundantly available; the most commonly used metal

28
Q

What is copper?

A

a reddish-orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity

29
Q

What is anthracite coal?

A

hard, shiny, black coal that is the most expensive to mine

30
Q

What is bituminous coal?

A

the most common type of coal, called soft coal, widely used in industry and for power generation

31
Q

What is sub-bituminous coal?

A

softer and more crumbly that bituminous coal and widely used for power generation

32
Q

What is lignite coal?

A

poor quality coal; often called brown coal

33
Q

What is a trogloxene?

A

an animal that visits caves regularly but finds food on the surface; means “cave guest”

34
Q

What is a troglophile?

A

an animal that can live entirely either in a cave or above ground; means “cave lover”

35
Q

What is a troglobiont (troglobite)?

A

an animal that cannot survive above ground; means “cave dweller”

36
Q

What are mechanical sediments?

A

sediments formed when rocks are broken down and carried away by physical mechanisms such as wind, water, or ice

37
Q

What are chemical sediments?

A

sediments formed when minerals in a rock are dissolved by water and carried elsewhere where they may crystallise or settle out of solution

38
Q

What are organic sediments?

A

sediments formed from dead plants, shells, or animal skeletons

39
Q

What are foliated rocks?

A

metamorphic rocks made of layers like the pages of a book

40
Q

What are unfoliated rocks?

A

metamorphic rocks not made of thin layers

Josiah's Flashcards (19 decks)

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