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Josiah's Flashcards > Ch 1 - Plentiful Plants (1.1 - 1.4) > Flashcards

Ch 1 - Plentiful Plants (1.1 - 1.4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process by which green plants use the energy of sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose for food?

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

What are the little pores on the underside of a leaf called?

A

stomata (stoma)

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3
Q

What do we call the structures that allow the stomata to open and close?

A

guard cells

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4
Q

What is the green pigment that makes plants green called?

A

chlorophyll

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5
Q

What are tiny packages of chlorophyll in plant cells called?

A

chloroplasts

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6
Q

What is the name of the sugar that plants need to live?

A

glucose

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7
Q

What are the three main structural parts of a leaf?

A

stem
vein
midrib

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8
Q

What is the name of the waxy coating on a leaf that prevents water escaping?

A

cuticle

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9
Q

What kind of leaves have a specific design for a specific function?

A

modified leaves

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10
Q

What are some different types of modified leaves?

A

tendrils
spines
fleshy storage leaves
trapping leaves

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11
Q

What do we call the colourful leaves surrounding certain flowers such as the dogwood and the poinsettia?

A

bract

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12
Q

What type of plants trap and digest small insects?

A

insectivorous plants

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13
Q

Name four insectivorous plants.

A

Venus’s-flytrap
bladderwort
pitcher plant
sundew

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14
Q

What kind of insectivorous plant has hinged leaves that close like the jaws of a steel trap?

A

The Venus’s-flytrap

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15
Q

What kind of insectivorous plant has hollow, bladder-like leaves filled with water?

A

Bladderwort

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16
Q

What kind of insectivorous plant attracts insects with its bright colours and the aroma of its honeylike nectar?

A

The pitcher plant

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17
Q

What kind of insectivorous plant attracts insects with glistening bait–its sticky “dewdrops”?

A

sundew

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18
Q

What are the two systems of a plant?

A

root system
stem system

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19
Q

What is the main job of a root?

A

The root’s main job is to absorb water and minerals.

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20
Q

What is the one main root of a plant that goes particularly deep?

A

A taproot

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21
Q

What is the layer of tough protective cells that protects the delicate root tip as the root pushes through the ground?

A

A root cap

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22
Q

What are the tiny projections near the end of a root that help the root absorb water and minerals?

A

root hairs

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23
Q

What is the name given to plants that never touch the ground?

A

epiphytes

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24
Q

Give an example of two epiphytes.

A

vanilla plant
Spanish moss

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25
Q

What tough, fibrous material forms a strong cell wall around each plant cell?

A

cellulose

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26
Q

What is the name given to a stem that grows along the surface of the ground?

A

A stolon (or a runner)

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27
Q

What word means a growth response of a plant to a condition in its environment?

A

tropism

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28
Q

A plant’s response to gravity is called…

A

geotropism

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29
Q

A plant’s response to water is called…

A

hydrotropism

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30
Q

A plant’s response to light is called…

A

phototropism

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31
Q

A plant’s response to touch is called…

A

thigmotropism

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32
Q
A

petal

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33
Q
A

sepal

34
Q
A

stigma

35
Q
A

stamens

36
Q
A

ovary

37
Q
A

ovule

38
Q
A

pistil

39
Q

What is the main function of the leaves?

A

To make food for the plant.

40
Q

What is the main function of the stem?

A

To carry liquids from roots to leaves and back.

41
Q

What is the main function of the veins in a leaf?

A

To transport liquids and reinforce the structure of the thin, fragile leaf.

42
Q

What is the main function of the roots?

A

To absorb water and minerals for the plant’s use and to anchor the plant in the soil.

43
Q

What is the main function of the flower?

A

To form seeds.

44
Q

What is the main function of the petals?

A

To attract bees or other creatures to a flower’s seeds to develop fruit.

45
Q

What is the main function of the ovary?

A

To hold one or more undeveloped seeds.

46
Q

What is the main function of the stamens?

A

To make and hold pollen.

47
Q

What is the main function of a bulb?

A

To store food during the growing season so that the plant can continue to live after the leaves, stem, and flowers have died.

48
Q

What process involves a sperm cell from a pollen grain uniting with an egg cell stored inside an ovule?

A

Fertilization

49
Q

What do we call the process of transferring pollen from the stamen to the pistil? Name three insects that commonly aid in this process.

A

Pollenisation

Bees, flies, wasps, butterflies etc

50
Q

What is a fruit?

A

A fruit is an ovary or anything that forms from the ovary of a flower.

51
Q

What two things are necessary for a seed to sprout?

A

Moisture and warmth

52
Q

Name the three parts of a seed.

A

embryo

cotyledon

seed coat

53
Q

What do we call the minature, undeveloped plant located within a seed?

A

the embryo

54
Q

What do we call the structure within a seed that contain stored food for the growing plant?

A

cotyledon

55
Q

What do we call the part of the seed that covers and protects the embryo?

A

the seed coat

56
Q

When a seed is alive but inactive, we say it is…

A

dormant

57
Q

What is a scientist who studies plants called?

A

A botanist

58
Q

Name five different plant families.

A

composite family
pea family
rose family
lily family
grass family

59
Q

Which plant family is the largest?

A

The composite family

60
Q

Why are some flowering plants called composites?

A

They are called composites because each flower is a combination of many smaller flowers.

61
Q

What are some examples of composite plants?

A

daisies
goldenrods
thistles
dandelions

62
Q

What are the two types of flowers a composite may have?

A

ray flowers
disk flowers

63
Q

What are ray flowers?

A

Ray flowers are the petal-like part of a composite flower.

64
Q

What are disk flowers?

A

Disk flowers are the individual flowers that make up the disk.

65
Q

What is the second largest group of flowering plants?

A

Peas

66
Q

What are members of the pea family called?

A

Legumes

67
Q

How many petals do plants in the pea family have?

A

They have five petals: one large petal and four small petals.

68
Q

How does fruit grow on plants in the pea family?

A

The fruit grows in the shape of pods, which eventually dry and split to release the seeds.

69
Q

How many petals do flowers in the rose family produce?

A

Multiples of five.

70
Q

Name some fruits that a members of the rose family.

A

blackberries
raspberries
strawberries
apples
peaches
pears
plums
cherries

71
Q

How many petals do flowers in the lily family have?

A

Multiples of three

72
Q

What do most plants in the lily famly grow from?

A

Most plants in the lily family grow from bulbs.

73
Q

What are some plants in the lily family?

A

tulips
hyacinths
tiger lily
Easter lily
aloe vera

74
Q

Which plant family is the most important food-producing family?

A

The grass family

75
Q

What are some members of the grass family?

A

wheat
barley
rye
oats
rice
corn

76
Q

What kind of flowers do grasses produce?

A

They produce small flowers.

77
Q

What are the two parts of a grass leaf?

A

The two parts are the blade and the sheath.

78
Q

Name three different kinds of grasses.

A

cereal grasses
turf grasses
woody grasses

79
Q

What do we get from cereal grasses?

A

We get grains like wheat, rice, and corn.

80
Q

What do we use turf grasses for?

A

We use turf grasses to cover areas like lawns, athletic fields, and golf courses. They beautify the land and help to protect it from erosion.

81
Q

What are two different examples of woody grasses?

A

bamboo
sugar cane

Josiah's Flashcards (19 decks)

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