Ch 2 - Definitions Flashcards
What word means the process of arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities?
classification
Animals with backbones are called…
vertebrates
Animals without backbones are called…
invertebrates
Invertebrates that have an external skeleton, jointed appendages, and segmented bodies are called…
anthropods
A strong, lightweight outer skeleton that provides an arthropod with protection, strength, and support is called an…
exoskeleton
What is chitin?
Chitin is a tough material that helps make up an arthropod’s external skeleton.
What are the tiny openings in an insect’s abdomen through which air enters the breathing tubes?
spiracles
What word means a change in form?
metamorphosis
What is a complete metamorphosis?
In a complete metamorphosis, an insect goes through the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
What is an incomplete metamorphosis?
In an incomplete metamorphosis, an inset goes through the stages of egg, nymph, and adult.
What is the process in which an insect sheds its exoskeleton during growth?
moulting
What do you call a scientist who studies insects?
an entomologist
What word describes an animal that is active at night?
nocturnal
What is the name given to the body region of a spider that is like a head and thorax combined?
cephalothorax
What are the sensitive hairs on a spider’s body that give the spider its sense of touch called?
setae
What is the name of the breathing organ of a spider made up of several thin sheets of tissue filled with blood vessels?
a book lung
What is the method by which young spiders sail through the air on silk strands that carry them from their place of birth?
ballooning
What are the tubelike structures in spiders’ abdomens that the spider uses to make silk threads?
spinnerets
What is the term for an arthropod with a hard, crusty shell?
crustacean
What term describes the ability of crustaceans to replace lost body parts?
regeneration
What do we call the leglike limbs connected to a lobster’s abdomen?
swimmerets
What is a carnivore?
a flesh eater
What is a herbivore?
a plant eater
What is the term for soft-bodied invertebrates such as clams, oysters, snails, and squids?
mollusks
What is the term for a mollusk such as a small snail or slug that has a muscular foot that they use to slide forward on a layer of slime?
gastropod
What word describes one-shelled mollusks, such as snail, conch, or cowrie?
univalves
What word describes mollusks with two matching, fan-shaped shells joined by hinges, such as mussels, oysters, and scallops?
bivalves
What is the name for the group of mollusks in which the foot and head are combined into a single headlike structure?
cephalopods
What is the name for the miniature invertebrate made up of one cell?
protozoan
What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest living unit in any living organism.
What do we call the part of a cell that surrounds and protects the cell and determines what may enter?
the cell membrane
What do we call the jellylike fluid that fills the volume of a cell?
cytoplasm
What do we call the part of a cell often located near the centre that directs the work of the cell?
the nucleus
What are the threadlike structures in a cell’s nucleus that contain the insturctions for running a cell and making needed parts called?
chromosomes
What do we call the projections that an amoeba uses to move from place to place? (means ‘false feet’)
pseudopods
What are the tiny, hairlike structures that cover a paramecium and allow it to move called?
cilia
