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Blue Book Boards 2 > Ch. 3 Blood > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Cell Counts

A 
RBC= 3.5-5.5 x 10^6 per mm2
WBC= 5,000-10,000
Plt= 150,000-350,000
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2
Q

RBC

A
  • biconcave, 120 lifespan, circulate in 20 sec

- produced in long bone marrow

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3
Q

erythropoietin

A

stimulates RBC production in bone marrow

  • produced in kidney, liver
  • Needs Vit. B12 and Folic acid***
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4
Q

RBC increase with what?

A

high altitudes, pulm disease

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5
Q

Normal HCT on bypass

A

22-30%

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6
Q

WBC Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes:
1) Neutrophils- engulf bacteria, foreign, phagocytes
-produced by bone marrow
2) Eosinophils- allergies/parasites
-2 lobes
3) Basophils- release heparin, histamine= open vessels
-nucleus
Agranulocytes:
1) Lymphocytes- produce antibodies- B and T cells
-B cell=moves to spleen/lymph to create memory** and plasma cells** (creates antibodies)
-T cell= killer, helper cells
2) Monocytes- engulf, become macrophages in tissue

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7
Q

WBC Percentages

A 
Neutrophils= 60%
Lymphocytes= 30
Monocytes= 6
Eosinophils= 3
Basophils= 1
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8
Q

Occlusion

A

30 inches above, 1 cm drop per minute

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9
Q

Thrombocytes (platelets)

A
  • negative charge, no nucleus, bone fragments by megakarocyes
  • 3 properties= adhesion, aggregate, angulation
  • release TXA2 (constrictor), factors, and contains platelet factor 3**
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10
Q

anemia

A

low RBC

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11
Q

aplastic anemia

A

low RBC cuz bone marrow doesn’t produce enough

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12
Q

pernicious anemia

A

low RBC cuz low Vit. B12 and folic acid (erythropoietin needs these to make RBC)

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13
Q

polycthemia

A

high HCT

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14
Q

-cytosis, -philia, -penia, -pheresis

A
  • cytosis/philia= high
  • penia= low
  • pheresis= remove then give back
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15
Q

hemolysis

A

RBC break down= plasma free Hgb

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16
Q

Reynolds number

A

> 2,000 = turbulent flow, hemolysis

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17
Q

diapedesis

A

able to move through vessel walls without damage

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18
Q

leukocytosis

A

high WBC with infection

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19
Q

leukopenia

A

low WBC < 5,000

20
Q

neutrophilia

A

high neutrophil >7500

21
Q

neutropenia

A

low neutrophil < 1500

22
Q

eosinophilia

A

high eosinophil > 500

23
Q

basophilia

A

high basophil > 100

24
Q

monocytosis

A

high monocytes > 100

25
Q

lymphoctyosis

A

high lymphocytes > 4500

26
Q

lymphoctyopenia

A

low lymphocytes < 1500

27
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets < 50,000

28
Q

plasmapheresis

A

remove plasma and add back

29
Q

plateletpheresis

A

remove platelets and add back

30
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high K=

  • if high gluc= add insulin
  • if low gluc- give lasix, hemoconcentration
31
Q

Blood Clotting Steps and 3 Phases

A

1) platelet agg
2) prothrombin, thromboplastin, Ca
3) thrombin, fibrin
4) fibrin mesh

1) vascular constriction
2) platelet plug
3) coagulation cascade- fibrin mesh

32
Q

Vit K dependent Factors

A

II, VII, IX, X

33
Q

Antithrombin III

A

stops fibrinogen from turning into fibrin AND prothrombin into thrombin

34
Q

Heparin (and 3 effects)

A

1) potentiates ATIII
2) inactivates thrombin by cofactor II***
3) affects platelets
- half life= 60-120 min (hypothermia increases)
- eliminated by kidney **and reticule-endethelial system (liver)
- decreases BP and SVR by 10-20%
- strong anion

35
Q

Protamine

A
  • heparin antagonist
  • 1-1.3 mg per 100 units heparin
  • don’t give faster than 5 mg per minute
  • half life 5 min
  • weak cation
36
Q

Protamine Reaction

A

= lower BP, bradycardia, circle collapse, increase CVP
= give inotropes, pulm artery dilators (nitroglycerin** and isoproterenol)
-more likely if pre-exposed to protamine, allergic to seafood, DMII, men with vasectomy

37
Q

Storage: RBC, WBC, WBC + Hep, Plt, FFP

A 
RBC= 35 days
WBC= 35 days , 48 hrs with hep
Plt= 3 days
FFP= 1 year
38
Q

Reaction to PRBC

A

-acute hemolytic (incompatibility), allergic/antigen, delayed hemolytic, fibrile/fever, pulm edema

39
Q

Give if low HCT

A

PRBC

40
Q

Give if High blood loss

A

whole blood

41
Q

give if thrombocytopenia

A

platelets

42
Q

give if clotting deficiency

A

FFP

43
Q

give if hemophilia (high bleeding, cuz clotting factors), vWF low, low fibrin

A

cryoprecipitate

44
Q

give if low COP

A

albumin

45
Q

give if organ tx

A

leukocytes poor RBC

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