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Intro to psych > Ch. 3 Biological Foundations of Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Biological Foundations of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The nervous system

A
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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal chord

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3
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system and it deals with sensory and motor skills

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4
Q

Atonomic nervous system

A

Creates the communication with internal organs

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5
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Sensory and motor nerves

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6
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Fight or flight

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7
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Calms after stressor
rest and digest

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8
Q

Afferent (sensory) nerves

A

nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

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9
Q

Efferent (motor) nerves

A

they are the neurons that tell your body to perform an action, such as removing your hand from a hot pan.

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10
Q

Glial cells

A

Provide support and nutrition

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11
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Imitation/ social perception
(primates)

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12
Q

Neurons

A

information processing
(computing and communicating)

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13
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive and process signals from axons of other neurons

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14
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Stores genetic information, maintains the structure of neurons and provides energy

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15
Q

Axon

A

Carries electrical impulses

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16
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Protects the axon

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17
Q

Tail

A

the axon

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18
Q

Terminal buttons

A

The small knobs at the end of an axon that release chemicals to the neurotransmitters

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19
Q

Neuron Communication

A

electrical and chemical signals

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20
Q

Electrochemical

A

Neuronal communication

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21
Q

Neuron at rest: polarized

A

imbalance in charges

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22
Q

Ion channels closed

A

the interior of the cell is more negative than the exterior of the cell.

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23
Q

Semipermeable membrane

A

allows specific molecules/ions to pass through diffusion

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24
Q

Ion channels

A

allows passage of ions across a cell membrane

25
Q

Gated membrane

A

allows the regulated flow of selected ions across the plasma membrane

26
Q

Action potential

A

ion exchange along length of axon

27
Q

all-or-nothing potential

A

neurons either transmit an impulse completely or not at all

28
Q

Neurotransmitters (understand the key function of each)

A

chemical messengers that your body can’t function without.

29
Q

Acetylcholine

A

muscle actions, learning, memory
Ex. black window venom (go up) the ach levels go down
Botox (go up) the ach levels go down
Alzheirmer’s go up the ach levels go down

30
Q

GABA

A

the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in your central nervous system. anxiety goes up the GABA levels go down (calming)

31
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory
learning and memory

32
Q

Norepinephrine

A

regulates sleep

33
Q

Dopamine

A

a chemical released in the brain that makes you feel good

34
Q

Serotonin

A

-Regulation of sleep, mood, attention, learning
-Depression goes up the serotonin levels go down
-Prozac goes up the serotonin levels go down

35
Q

Endorphins

A

-Natural opiates
-mediate feelings of pleasure and pain

36
Q

Oxytocin

A

-Hormone and neurotransmitter
-Relates to onset of lactation in new mothers
-Attachment/ emotional bonds

37
Q

Synapse

A

a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next

38
Q

Reuptake

A

the process in the brain of neurons to retrieve chemicals that were not received by the next neuron.

39
Q

The Brain (understand the functions of the brain)

A
40
Q

The hindbrain

A

brainstem
-medulla- control breathing, regulate reflexes
-pons- sleep and arousal

41
Q

Cerebellum

A

Motor coordination

42
Q

The midbrain

A

vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/awake, arousal, temperature regulation.

43
Q

The forebrain

A

deals with body movements, sensory processing, and responses to stress and fear

44
Q

Hyppocampus

A

formation of recall of memories

45
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for sensory information

46
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

coordination of voluntary movements

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

eating, drinking, sexual behaviors
-regulates body’s internal state
-emotion, stress, reward
(4 F’s fleeing, fighting, feeding, and fucking)

48
Q

The cerebral cortex

A

neocortex= outermost layer

49
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision

50
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, language processing, and memory

51
Q

frontal lobe

A

intelligence, personality, and voluntary muscles

52
Q

parietal lobe

A

spatial location, attention, motor control

53
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

frontal lobe that regulates complex cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

54
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

region of the brain that contains motor neurons involved in the comprehension of speech

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

plans the process of speech by interacting with the temporal cortex

56
Q

Somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)

A

body sensations/touch

57
Q

Motor cortex (frontal lobe)

A

voluntary movements
-point to point mapping

58
Q

Association cortex (75% of cortex)

A

not sensory or motor, but the association between them

59
Q

Corpsus Callosum

A

tracts that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Intro to psych (8 decks)

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