Ch. 12 Personality Flashcards
Define Personality
a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
Psychodynamic approach to personality
Assumptions- personality is primarily unconscious
childhood experiences shape our personality
Structures of personality
Id- pleasure principle
superego-conscience
ego- reality principle
Defense mechanisms
Repression: forget the unacceptable
-foundation for all defense mechanisms
rationalization: claim different motive
displacement: shift feeling to new object
sublimation: transforms vile to valuable
projection: attribute own faults to others
reaction formation: convert to opposite emotion
denial: disbelieve present reality
regression: revert to earlier, “safer period
Psychosexual stages
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and genital stage
Oral stage
0-18 months
infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth
anal stage
18-36 months
learns to control bowel movements
Phallic stage
3-6 years
child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals
oepidal complex
castration anxiety
-little hans
Latency Stage
6 years -puberty
physic “time-out”
interest in sexuality is repressed
Genital stage
Adolecense to adulthood
sexual reawakening
source of sexual pleasure is someone else
Humanistic approach
Assumptions: People have free will, are rational, and will strive reach their full potential
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Lower-level needs must be met before higher level needs can be achieved
Carl Rogers
personal growth and self-determination
unconditional positive regard
conditions of worth
self-concept
empathy
genuineness
Trait approach
Assumption: personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that lead to characteristic responses
Five factor model of personality (ocean)
Openness (open)
conscientiousness (consious)
extraversion (extra)
agreeableness (agree)
neuroticism (neuro)
Social cognitive approach
Assumption: Bandura’s Reciprocal determinism
Emphasis on awareness, beliefs, expectations, self-efficacy, goals
Self report tests (MMPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
assesses mental health
self report tests (NEO-PI-R)
Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised
assesses the big five factors and 6 subdimensions
Projective tests (Rorschach inkblot test)
personality score based on description of inkblots-images
Projective tests (thematic apperception test)
stories reveal something about an individual’s personality-stories
