Ch. 3 Approaches to Research on Parenting

Question 1

Main Theoretical Approaches to Studying Parenting (Parent-Child Relations)

Answer 1

1. Parenting Traits
2. Child Effects and Transactions
3. Social Address
4. Ecological Momentary Assessment
5. Parent Cognition
6. Behavioral Genetics

Question 2

Parenting Traits

Answer 2

• Describing parents with one major child-rearing quality or characteristics
  ○ Oldest way to conceptualize and study parents

Question 3

Baumrind’s Typology

Answer 3

○ Authoritative
○ Authoritarian
○ Permissive
○ Uninvolved/Neglecting (added subsequently)

Question 4

Authoritative

Question 5

Authoritarian

Question 6

Permissive

Question 7

Uninvolved

Question 8

Child Effects and Transactions

Answer 8

Child affects Parenting, instead of, Parenting effects the Child

Question 9

Social Address

Answer 9

• Comparing Parents who Live in Different Locations or Have Different Characteristics, including:
  ○ Culture
  ○ Geographical Locale
  ○ Religious Background
  ○ Racial/Ethnic Group
  ○ Socioeconomic Status

Question 10

Ecological Momentary Assessment

Answer 10

Examines How Behavior is Regulated, Modified, or Influenced by Parents and Children During Interactions

Question 11

Qualities of Interactions

Answer 11

○ Microanalytical observations
○ Synchrony
○ Behavior Characteristics of Depressed Mothers
* Assumes bidirectional interactions

Question 12

Parent Cognition

Answer 12

• Focus on Parent (and child) Thinking Processes
  ○ Attitude
  ○ Attributions
  ○ Beliefs (Knowledge)
  ○ Decision Making
  ○ Expectations
  ○ Goals
  ○ Meta-parenting
  ○ Perceptions
  ○ Problem-Solving Ability
  ○ Self-Perception

Question 13

Meta-parenting

Answer 13

Parental thoughts about their children or childrearing before or after interactions

Question 14

Galinsky (1981) Stages of Development (for Parents)

Answer 14

1. The Image-making stage
2. Nurturing stage
3. Authority stage
4. Interpretive
5. Interdependent stage
6. Departure stage

Question 15

Behavioral Genetics Approach

Answer 15

• Twin Studies
• Adoption Studies
• Estimate of Heritability of Traits (Personality or Intelligence)

Question 16

Application: “Co-parenting”

Answer 16

Family Systems (Theory)
Parent Cognition (Approach)